Medicina
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The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment features of odontoid fractures with a significant displacement. ⋯ If closed reduction of the odontoid fracture with a significant displacement was achieved then external immobilization by halo-vest device can be used. Posterior fusion is the treatment of choice for irreducible odontoid fractures.
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To determine the significance of sex in one-year prognosis of death from ischemic heart disease after a first-ever myocardial infarction. ⋯ Women aged 25 to 64 years had similar crude risk of dying during one year after initial myocardial infarction compared with men of the same age group. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women with Q-wave or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction after adjustment for potential confounders.
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Health education encompasses opportunities for learning designed to improve health literacy, including increased knowledge and the development of life skills that lead to the improvement of individual and community health. Health literacy represents the cognitive and social skills, which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access, to understand and use information in ways, which promote and maintain good health. There are three types of health literacy: basic, functional and critical. ⋯ It implies a significant level of knowledge, personal skills and confidence to manage one's health, and the ability to take action to change the determinants of health in the environment. Although these levels of health literacy are widely examined but systematic point of view is missing. The goal of this article is to report the peculiarities of the health literacy education system.
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Comparative Study
[Influence of sensitization to pollen and food allergens on pollinosis clinical symptoms].
Geographic position and local plants of the country influence the profile of sensitization of the population to airborne allergens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitization pattern to pollen and food allergens in adult patients with pollinosis in Lithuania. 101 patients (age 16-63 years) suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis and 23.8% of them also diagnosed with concomitant seasonal asthma were investigated. Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) was diagnosed in 29.7% of cases. The sensitization to 21 species of tree-, grass- and weed-pollen and plant food allergens was determined by positive skin prick and prick-prick test. In serum levels of total IgE and timothy and orchard grass specific IgE were determined by immunoenzyme assay. 52.5% of patients suffered from spring-summer pollinosis. 91.2% of patients were sensitized to grass-pollen allergens, 79.3% -to tree pollen-allergens. 74.7% of patients were allergic to weeds. Pollinosis starting in the spring and lasting more than sixteen weeks was associated with increased probability of OAS (OR=7.1, p<0.001 and OR=3.1, p=0.01). Sensitization to hazelnut (OR=8.6, p=0.009), birch (OR=9.6, p=0.07), lamb's quarters (OR=5.2, p=0.04) allergens and twofold and more increase in serum IgE (OR=4.8, p=0.03) were considered the significant risk factors for pollinosis with OAS. More than two times elevated serum IgE increased the probability of seasonal asthma (OR=3.4, p=0.03). Sensitization to ragweed was associated with decreased risk for asthma (OR=0.26, p=0.03). ⋯ Our data indicate that more than a half of patients (52.5%) had pollinosis symptoms during spring and summer seasons because of multiple sensitivity to pollen allergens. Sensitization to hazelnut, birch, lamb's quarters allergens, more than two times elevated serum IgE are significant risk factors for pollinosis with OAS. More than two times elevated serum IgE increased the probability of seasonal asthma, but sensitization to ragweed was associated with decreased risk for pollinosis with asthma.
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Comparative Study
Treatment of patients of high-risk group of medulloblastoma with the adjuvant lomustine, cisplatin, and vincristine chemotherapy.
The prognosis of children with medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor of cerebella, is poor especially in case of disseminated disease. Bad outcome of this disease encouraged the investigators to look for new more effective and safer ways of medulloblastoma treatment that would be able to improve the prognosis and quality of live for children with medulloblastoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy administered after radiotherapy prolongs the time to progression as well as overall survival for high-risk group of medulloblastoma patients, while such results vary little in standard-risk medulloblastoma group. ⋯ With this research we proved that adjuvant chemotherapy, prescribed after standard radial (craniospinal and local) treatment, statistically reliably improves survival indices of patients from high risk group and has to be prescribed to all patients from this risk group.