Medicina
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THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE: To review the causes, clinical signs, pathophysiology, consequences, and treatment of seizures and status epilepticus in critically ill patients. Only 25% of people, who have seizures and status epilepticus, have epilepsy as well. In the intensive care settings, seizures and status epilepticus are a common neurologic complication, which is attributable to primary neurologic pathology (stroke, hemorrhage, tumor, central nervous system infection, head trauma) or secondary to critical illness (anoxic brain damage, intoxications, metabolic abnormalities) and clinical management. ⋯ For the treatment of refractory status epilepticus, barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental), valproate, midazolam, propofol, and isoflurane are used. The dosage of drugs and parameters to monitor are referred in the article. The mortality from generalized convulsive status epilepticus is 15-50%; the main factors, influencing prognosis, are the cause and the duration of status epilepticus and age of a patient.
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Comparative Study
The comparison of two methods of treatment evaluating complications and deficiency of functions of hands after deep partial skin thickness hand burns.
Hands actively participate in daily activities of a human; therefore, hands are the most vulnerable parts of the human body. People injure hands so often because namely hands are in the closest position to the dangerous equipment. According to the data of various authors, the injuries of hands and fingers make even 30-75% of all industrial traumas, and burns of hands account for about 6% of all traumas of hands. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of active surgical treatment method with conservative treatment method, applied for the treatment of deep dermal partial skin thickness burns of the hands, wrists, and forearms of distal third. ⋯ Statistically significantly fewer complications were in the group of active surgical treatment in the early (fewer infectious complications, smaller area of unnaturalized autograft) and in the late (scars were less rough, with less changes of pigmentation) postoperative periods.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Epidural and general anesthesia versus general anesthesia in radical prostatectomy.
Induced hypotension with epidural anesthesia influences the intraoperative blood loss in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate intraoperative blood loss and need of blood transfusions in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy under epidural/general anesthesia and general anesthesia. Two groups were selected: epidural/general anesthesia group (study group, 27 patients) received epidural anesthesia in association with general anesthesia, and general anesthesia group (control group, 27 patients) received general anesthesia alone. ⋯ The present study showed that the mean blood loss in epidural/general anesthesia group was significantly lower in comparison with that of general anesthesia group (740+/-210 mL versus 1150+/-290 mL, P<0.001). In addition, less allogeneic blood was transfused in epidural/general anesthesia group: 0.19 blood units transfused versus 0.52 blood units in general anesthesia group (P=0.007). Our study proved that induced hypotension with epidural/general anesthesia reduced intraoperative blood loss and need of allogeneic blood transfusions in cancer patient undergoing open radical prostatectomy.
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Comparative Study
Characteristics and management of acute heart failure patients in a single university hospital center.
To evaluate the causes of acute heart failure, complications, management, and outcomes. ⋯ Preserved systolic function, multiple concomitant diseases, and high mortality rates were observed in a substantial proportion of the patients hospitalized due to acute heart failure. The management of the patients in a university hospital center was performed in accordance with the international guidelines.
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The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of individual balanced replacement diet in treatment of children with atopic dermatitis, to compare the course of atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as the data of skin patch test after a one-year period of dietary treatment. ⋯ Individual balanced replacement diet for children with atopic dermatitis helped to fully control nutrition of sick children from various age groups and had a positive effect on the clinical course of atopic dermatitis. Patients who followed their individual dietary recommendations suffered from severe allergic rash more rarely and they had to take fewer medicines against allergy as compared to children who did not follow dietary recommendations. Clinical course of atopic dermatitis in children who followed individual dietary recommendations was easier as compared to children who did not follow such recommendations. One-third of children with atopic dermatitis became more tolerant to earlier food allergens during a one-year period. After a one-year dietotherapy treatment, positive patch test reactions to many food products appeared to be more rarely, except for buckwheat, oat, beef, and cacao. Besides, children who followed their dietary recommendations suffered from gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and constipation) significantly more rarely as compared to children who did not follow their dietary recommendations.