Medicina
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In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a promising novel technology for non-invasive early diagnostics of cutaneous melanoma. However, the possibility to detect melanocytic atypia in nevi by means of in vivo RCM remains unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of in vivo RCM features of melanocytic atypia for the diagnosis of melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi and cutaneous melanoma. ⋯ Nevus with histopathologically confirmed nevomelanocytic atypia (dysplastic nevus) could not be distinguished from nevus without atypia using analyzed in vivo RCM features of melanocytic atypia. More accurate diagnostics by means of in vivo RCM needs further investigation on reflectance of single and nested cutaneous melanocytes in benign and malignant skin lesions.
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Direct cost of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus healthcare and its complications in Lithuania.
The main objective of this study was to estimate the annual direct healthcare cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus healthcare and its complications in Lithuanian population. ⋯ The largest part of direct costs in diabetes mellitus healthcare composes hospital inpatient care and covered drugs expenditures. In our study we observed that the presence of microvascular, macrovascular chronic complication increased the direct cost per patient, compared with patients without complications.
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The incidence of postoperative complications and death is low in the general population, but a subgroup of high-risk patients can be identified amongst whom adverse postoperative outcomes occur more frequently. The present study was undertaken to describe the incidence of postoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality after major abdominal surgery for gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies and to identify the risk factors for impaired outcome. ⋯ The complication rate after major gastro-intestinal surgery is high. ASA physical status and revised cardiac risk index adequately reflect increased risk for postoperative complications and worse short and long-term outcome.
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The purpose of this article is to review the diagnostic possibilities of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based fluorescence diagnosis of preinvasive cervical changes. Reviewed papers were selected from the PubMed database with keywords combining the terms individual cervical neoplasia and fluorescence diagnostics. The regular colposcopy procedure lacks specificity; therefore, new methods are continually sought for superior diagnosis of cervical pathology. 5-ALA-based fluorescence diagnostics is under investigation as an up-to-date diagnostic technique for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). ⋯ The conversion of PpIX to the heme is less efficient in tumors; therefore, higher amounts of PpIX tend to accumulate in premalignant and malignant tissues. Illumination with light of the appropriate wavelength initiates excitation of PpIX fluorescence, which in turn helps to localize PpIX-rich areas and identify potentially malignant tissues. A number of investigations suggest that because of its high selectivity for tumors and low toxicity to healthy tissues, 5-ALA-based diagnosis seems a promising tool for the noninvasive identification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor formulations after single subcutaneous administration to healthy volunteers.
The aim of this randomized, single dose, two-period crossover study with two weeks wash-out period was the demonstration of bioequivalence of two recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) formulations after subcutaneous administration of 300μg comparing their pharmacokinetic (primary endpoints AUC0-24, AUC0-∞ and Cmax) and pharmacodynamic (primary endpoints ANC AUC0-72, ANC AUC0-∞ and ANCmax) profiles in healthy male subjects. ⋯ The study results demonstrated the bioequivalence of Gp-02, a new formulation of filgrastim, and the reference product Neupogen™.