Medicina
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Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become the main subject of the scientific medical world and all World Organizations, causing millions of deaths worldwide. In this review, we have highlighted the context of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, how the virus spreads, the symptoms and complications that may occur, and, especially, the drug treatment of viral infection, with emphasis on monoclonal antibodies. ⋯ Following the documentation of the latest medical and scientific research, it has been concluded that there are many chemical molecules that have the potential to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, but more detailed clinical trials are needed for their use in therapy. In addition, it is important to consider the structure of the viral strain in the administration of treatment.
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Background and Objectives: The dental pulp stem cells are highly proliferative and can differentiate into various cell types, including endothelial cells. We aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural characteristics of the human dental pulp cells of the permanent frontal teeth. Materials and Methods: Human adult bioptic dental pulp was collected from n = 10 healthy frontal teeth of five adult patients, prior to prosthetic treatments for aesthetic purposes. ⋯ Conclusions: Similar electron microscopy features were previously reported in the human endometrium, as nucleolar channel system; or R-Rings induced by Nopp140. To our knowledge, this is the first report of extruded nucleolar structure in the dental pulp. Moreover, the aspect of giant extruded nucleoli was not previously reported in any human cell type, although similar evidence was gathered in other species as well as in plants.
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Background and objectives: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare three postoperative antibiotic protocols of different durations on surgical-site-infection (SSI) rates following orthognathic surgery for the correction of jaw deformities. Materials and methods: An analysis on data collected from the medical files of 209 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. The patients were divided into three groups according to the postoperative antibiotic protocol-Group 1 (24 h), Group 2 (2-3 days), and Group 3 (>3 days). ⋯ There was no significant difference in SSI rates between the three groups (p = 0.642). The use of antibiotics beyond the immediate postoperative period provides no increased benefit regarding infection prevention. Conclusions: In young and healthy patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, a 24hregimen of postoperative antibiotics may be sufficient.
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Extramedullary involvement of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is infrequent, and ascitic infiltration is even more unusual. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with NPM1-mutated AML that debuted with ascites, for which morphological studies of the ascitic fluid did not detect leukemic infiltration, maybe due to technical problems in the sample preparation. ⋯ As far as we know, this is the first reported case of an NPM1-mutated AML that debuted with ascites, and also the first description of the utilization of molecular techniques to detect the leukemic origin of the ascites. This case highlights that, given that allele-specific PCR and MFC increase the sensitivity of morphological studies, these techniques should be routinely applied in the study of any kind of effusion detected in an AML patient.
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Background and Objectives: Although frequent and associated with high mortality and morbidity rate, congenital heart disease (CHD) has a suboptimal prenatal detection rate, with significant variation according to the scanning protocol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the 3-vessels and trachea view (3VT) in detecting CHD, with or without the use of Color Doppler, with an emphasis on major CHD. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 1596 unselected pregnant patients presenting at 11-37 weeks of gestation for a routine anomaly scan. ⋯ Results: A total of 46 fetuses with CHD were identified, yielding a 2.86% overall incidence, and 0.87% for major CHD. Grayscale 4C detected 47.8% of all CHD, going up to 71.7% by adding grayscale 3VT, with no major CHD remaining undetected by combining grayscale 4C and 3VT. Conclusions: Grayscale 4C and 3VT views are effective in detecting major CHD, thus proving their utility even in a low resource setting.