Medicina
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Background and Objectives: Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare occurrence, representing less than 1% of pituitary lesions, and is defined by the presence of an infected purulent collection within the sella turcica. Pas can be classified as either primary, when the underlying pituitary is normal prior to infection, or secondary, when there is associated a pre-existing sellar pathology (i.e., pituitary adenoma, Rathke's cleft cysts, or craniopharyngioma), with or without a recent history of surgery. Preoperative diagnosis, owing to both non-specific symptoms and imaging features, remains challenging. ⋯ Pituitary function recovery remained very poor (23%), whereas the preoperative diagnosis represented a protective factor. Conclusions: In light of the high prevalence of pituitary dysfunction following the management of PAs, early diagnosis and treatment might represent a crucial issue. Currently, there are no standard investigations to establish a conclusive preoperative diagnosis; however, new, emerging imaging methods, in particular nuclear imaging modalities, represent a very promising tool, whose potential warrants further investigations.
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Background and Objectives: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires bone remodeling resulting from complex processes of aseptic inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed close interaction between the immune and skeletal systems. In addition, various orthodontic appliances including fixed systems affect the sublingual microbial composition, and the likelihood of developing inflammatory reactions of the gums is high, especially early in the treatment period. ⋯ Cortisol concentration was significantly higher in the self-ligation group (25.72 to 48.45, p = 0.001) due to the effect of sustained strength movements. Conclusions: Thus, the use of self-ligating and conventional brackets has a different effect on the concentration of cortisol and cytokines (OPG and TNF-alpha) in saliva 2 months after their fixation. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore why OPG levels are decreased in case of self-ligating cases and how OPG levels are related to clinical improvement.
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Background and objective: Retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) is a periapical radiolucent lesion developed around the implant apex. This study aimed to investigate the Incidence of RPI in a single university dental hospital training center. Materials and Methods: All records of patients who received single Implants between 2016-2020 were screened. ⋯ Only two sites (0.9%) were confirmed as RPI, both from group A (3.4%). Comparing all groups studied showed no statistically significant difference in RPI incidence. Conclusions: The incidence of RPI is low; however, endodontically treated teeth with periapical lesions (PALs) next to an implant site could contribute to RPI.
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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the radiological and functional outcomes of closed reduction and internal fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fractures (IFF) using three different proximal femoral nails (PFN). Materials and Methods: In total, 309 individuals (143 males and 166 females) who underwent surgery for IFF using a PFN between January 2018 and January 2021 were included in the study. Our surgical team conducted osteosynthesis using the A-PFN® (TST, Istanbul, Turkey) nail, the PROFIN® (TST, Istanbul, Turkey), and the Trigen InterTAN (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA) nail. ⋯ The V-effect occurrence was significantly higher in the A-PFN group (36.7%) than in the InterTAN group. The V-effect was seen in 33.1% of 31A2-type fractures but in none of the 31A3-type fractures. Conclusions: InterTAN nails are the best choice for IFFs because they have high clinical scores after surgery, there is no chance of Z-effect, and the rate of V-effect is low.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.