Medicina
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The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease outbreak initiated in 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to affect the health of infected patients in a manner at times dependent on pre-existing comorbidities. Reported here is an overview of the correlation between comorbidities and the exacerbation of the disease in patients with COVID-19, which may lead to poor clinical outcomes or mortality. General medical issues are also reviewed, such as the types of symptoms present in people infected with SARS-CoV-2, the long-term effects of COVID-19 disease, and the types of treatment that are currently used.
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Review Meta Analysis
Comparing the Anterior-Based Muscle-Sparing Approach with the Direct Anterior Approach in Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis.
Background and Objectives: The anterior-based muscle-sparing (ABMS) approach, which utilizes the interval between the tensor fasciae latae posteriorly, offers several advantages, such as the reduced risk of nerve injury and the freedom to choose various implants. Herein, we aimed to compare the outcome of ABMS to the direct anterior (DA) approach using pairwise meta-analysis techniques. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE (PUBMED), Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed for studies published up to 7 June 2023, which compared the ABMS approach with the DA approach for hip arthroplasty. ⋯ Conclusions: In current meta-analysis, the ABMS approach demonstrated comparable results to the conventional DA approach in terms of both clinical and radiologic outcomes as well as postoperative complications. Furthermore, the ABMS approach has the advantage of a broader indication and fewer limitations in terms of the surgical position compared to the DA approach. Therefore, the ABMS approach can be even more beneficial as an option within MSA, surpassing the utility of the DA approach.
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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant global health issue that affects individuals with and without a history of heart disease. Early identification of SCD risk factors is crucial in reducing mortality rates. This study aims to utilize electrocardiogram (ECG) tools, specifically focusing on heart rate variability (HRV), to detect early SCD risk factors. ⋯ The CNN model was optimized by tuning hyperparameters such as the number of layers, learning rate, and batch size, significantly impacting the prediction accuracy. The findings demonstrate that the HRV approach, in conjunction with linear features and the DL method, achieved a higher accuracy rate, averaging 99.30%, reaching 97% sensitivity, 99.60% specificity, and 97.87% precision. Future research should focus on further exploring and refining DL methods in the context of HRV analysis to improve SCD prediction.
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Review
Training in Aortic Arch Surgery as a Blueprint for a Structured Educational Team Approach: A Review.
Background and objectives: The treatment of pathologies of the aortic arch is a complex field of cardiovascular surgery that has witnessed enormous progress recently. Such treatment is mainly performed in high-volume centres, and surgeons gain great experience in mastering potential difficulties even under emergency circumstances, thereby ensuring the effective therapy of more complex pathologies with lower complication rates. As the numbers of patients rise, so does the need for well-trained surgeons in aortic arch surgery. ⋯ It was found that the results were comparable whether the procedure was performed by a specialist or by a trainee assisted by the specialist. Conclusions: We thus came to the conclusion that even for such a complex type of intervention, the responsible training of young surgeons by experienced specialists is possible. However, it requires a clear strategy and team approach to ensure a safe outcome for the patient.
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Background and Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a widespread chronic joint disease characterized by functional limitations and pain. Functioning restrictions exert a detrimental impact on societal integration, relationships, and psychological well-being, resulting in significant emotional distress in KOA patients. The objective of this study is to examine how various risk factors impact the emotional well-being of individuals with KOA. ⋯ These included pain intensity (beta (β) 0.21; 95% CI: 0.03-0.20; p < 0.01), social functioning (beta (β) 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23-0.43; p < 0.001), physical functioning (beta (β) 0.23; 95% CI: 0.04-0.21; p < 0.01), and education level (8-12 years: beta (β) 0.25; 95% CI: 1.47-9.41; p < 0.01; >12 years: beta (β) 0.27; 95% CI: 2.51-12.67; p < 0.01). However, the multivariate model revealed that only social functioning (beta (β) 0.57; 95% CI: 0.27-0.53; p < 0.001) and education level (8-12 years: beta (β) 0.21; 95% CI: 1.10-8.260; p < 0.05; >12 years: beta (β) 0.21; 95% CI: 1.18-10.30; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with emotional well-being in KOA patients. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that a reduced social functioning and a lower educational attainment are linked to a poorer emotional well-being among patients with KOA.