Medicina
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Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent bacterium capable of inducing various infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus, has raised substantial concerns within global healthcare settings. Prior to antibiotic prescription, the ideal approach is antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST); however, this is frequently perceived as excessively complex and time-intensive. ⋯ Furthermore, most studies reported that the entire LOC procedure took 10 min to 7 h, with results being equally accurate as those obtained through traditional AST protocols. Conclusions: The potential application of LOC for AST of S. aureus is emphasized by its ability to provide rapid access to minimum inhibitory concentration data, which can substantially aid in selecting the most suitable antibiotics and dosages for treating challenging infections caused by this microorganism. Moreover, the rapid AST facilitated by LOC holds promise for enhancing the appropriateness and efficacy of therapy in clinical settings.
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Observational Study
Prehospital Predictors of Survival in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Background and Objectives: Despite advances in the treatment of heart diseases, the outcome of patients experiencing sudden cardiac arrest remains poor. The aim of our study was to determine the prehospital variables as predictors of survival outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of OHCA cases. ⋯ Conclusions: Elderly patients have a lower survival rate. The occurrence of bystander CPR in cardiac arrest remains alarmingly low. Shockable initial rhythm is associated with a better survival rate and neurological outcome compared with non-shockable rhythm.
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Augmented reality (AR) involves the overlay of computer-generated images onto the user's real-world visual field to modify or enhance the user's visual experience. With respect to neurosurgery, AR integrates preoperative and intraoperative imaging data to create an enriched surgical experience that has been shown to improve surgical planning, refine neuronavigation, and reduce operation time. In addition, AR has the potential to serve as a valuable training tool for neurosurgeons in a way that minimizes patient risk while facilitating comprehensive training opportunities. ⋯ Similarly, AR assistance for neurosurgical training focused primarily on surgical planning and neuronavigation. However, studies included in this review utilize small sample sizes and remain largely in the preliminary phase. Thus, future research must be conducted to further refine AR systems before widespread intraoperative and educational use.
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Positioning of the femoral tunnel during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the most crucial factor for successful procedure. Owing to the inter-individual variability in the intra-articular anatomy, it can be challenging to obtain precise tunnel placement and ensure consistent results. Currently, the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) scans is considered the best method for determining whether femoral tunnels are positioned correctly. ⋯ However, even if femoral tunnel placement on 3D CT is appropriate, we should recognize that acute graft bending negatively affects surgical results. This review aimed to discuss the implementation of 3D-CT evaluation for predicting postoperative outcomes following ACL re-construction. Reviewing research that has performed 3D CT evaluations after ACL reconstruction can provide clinically significant evidence of the formation of ideal tunnels following anatomic ACL reconstruction.
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Background and Objectives: Simulation-based learning within neurosurgery provides valuable and realistic educational experiences in a safe environment, enhancing the current teaching model. Mixed reality (MR) simulation can deliver a highly immersive experience through head-mounted displays and has become one of the most promising teaching tools in medical education. We aimed to identify whether an MR neurosurgical simulation module within the setting of an undergraduate neurosurgical hands-on course could improve the satisfaction of medical students. ⋯ The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that MR users (Mdn = 97.0, IQR = 4, n = 103) were significantly more satisfied than CG users (Mdn = 93.0, IQR = 10, n = 120; ln(W) = 8.99, p < 0.001) with moderate effect size (r^biserial = 0.30, CI95 [0.15, 0.43]), thus indicating that the utilization of MR-simulation is associated with greater satisfaction. Conclusions: This study reports a positive response from medical students towards MR as an educational tool. Feedback from the medical students encourages the adoption of disruptive technologies into medical school curricula.