Medicina
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most frequent type of infection observed in clinical practice. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae are common pathogens in UTIs. Excessive antibiotic use in humans and animals, poor infection control, and increased global travel have accelerated the spread of multidrug-resistant strains (MDR). ⋯ Analyzed with particular interest were the clinical trials pivotal to the introduction of new pharmacological treatments in the management of complicated cUTIs. Additional suitable articles were collected by manually cross-referencing the bibliography of previously selected papers. This overview provides a current and comprehensive examination of the treatment options available for CRE infections, offering a valuable resource for understanding this constantly evolving public health challenge.
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Background and Objectives: There are few data on the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on elderly patients. Our objective is to investigate the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on older patients' successful weaning and long-term survival. Methods: We examined how aging affected the course and results of elderly patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation by contrasting five age groups. ⋯ Older prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients with four or more comorbidities had an increased risk of death. Conclusions: When it comes to elderly patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation, there are other factors in addition to age that influence long-term survival. Long-term survival is likewise linked to successful weaning and undergoing tracheostomy.
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Background and Objectives: Nowadays, the development of enabled pharmaceutical nanoparticles of solid lipid type is continuously growing, because they have the potential to be used for targeted drug release leading to an increased effect of chemotherapy, being used in lung cancer nano-diagnosis and nano-therapy. The current study reports the preliminary results obtained regarding the biological effect of a new nano-enabled pharmaceutical formulation in terms of its cytotoxic and biosafety profile. Materials and Methods: The pharmaceutical formulations consist of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) obtained via the emulsification-diffusion method by loading green iron oxide nanoparticles (green-IONPs) with a pentacyclic triterpene (oleanolic acid-OA). ⋯ As regards the morphological changes, all the samples induce major changes such as loss of the surface epithelium integrity, loss of epithelial junctions, loss of cilia, hyperkeratosis, and cell death caused by apoptosis. Conclusions: In summary, the culprit for the negative impact on viability and morphology of 3D normal bronchial microtissues could be the too-high dose (500 µg/mL) of the SLN sample used. Nevertheless, further adjustments in the SLN synthesis process and another complex in vitro evaluation will be considered for future research.
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Background and Objectives: Inflammation and oxidative stress have been described to reduce the chance for pregnancy instauration and maintenance. NOFLAMOX, a recently developed herbal preparation with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can represent an interesting treatment to increase the chance of pregnancy, both physiological or after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The aim of this study was to assess NOFLAMOX's effect; a population with unexplained infertility was screened for the recently described IMMUNOX panel based on four immunological biomarkers with a prospective study approach. ⋯ Followed in the subsequent IVF cycle, this NOFLAMOX-treated population showed a pregnancy rate of 42.3% compared to the 4.7% of the IMMUNOX-positive group of patients. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study suggest that NOFLAMOX could represent an interesting option for those patients with unexplained infertility of inflammatory/oxidative origin. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and explore possible strategies to restore fertility in women with immune-mediated sterility.
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Background and Objectives: Menstrual changes, including altered cycle length and bleeding patterns, have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of menstrual changes occurring after COVID-19 vaccination among female students and staff at a university in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 18-39 years who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. ⋯ Conclusions: More than half of the recruited female students and staff reported menstrual changes following COVID-19 vaccination, with altered cycle length being the most common. The potential underlying mechanisms and implications of these menstrual alterations require further investigation. These findings provide evidence of the menstrual side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among women in Saudi Arabia.