Klinická onkologie : casopis Ceské a Slovenské onkologické spolecnosti
-
Review
[Immunotherapy of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder - from BCG Vaccines to Targeted Therapy].
Bladder cancer has high prevalence in men and women. Bladder cancer usually originates from urothelium. More than 75% of cases are classified as nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. ⋯ While local chemoprophylaxis is sufficient in low and middle risk patients, intravesical instillation of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG) is preferred in high risk bladder cancer. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with locoregional treatment is used in advanced bladder cancer. New immunotherapy modalities have proven their efficacy in several clinical studies in advanced bladder cancer.
-
Chimeric antigen receptors are synthetic, genetically modified receptors of T-cells. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptors into autologous patient T-cells can redirect the lymphocytes to specific antigen targets on the surface of malignant cells. ⋯ The individual variables are currently being tested in numerous clinical trials. In this review, I will briefly describe the principle, basic structure and construction of chimeric antigen receptor T-lymphocytes.