Arthritis and rheumatism
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Arthritis and rheumatism · Jun 2010
Endothelial injury and repair in systemic vasculitis of the young.
Endothelial injury is central to the pathogenesis of vasculitis. The purpose of this study was to assess how indices of endothelial injury and repair change during different stages of disease activity in children with primary systemic vasculitis (PSV). ⋯ Elevation of the levels of CECs, EMPS, EPCs, VEGF, and Ang-2 occurs during active vasculitis in children. EPC responses to active vasculitis are different in children as compared with that observed in adults with vasculitis, and both CECs and EMPs can be used to monitor disease activity in children with vasculitis.
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Arthritis and rheumatism · Jun 2010
Case ReportsRituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease.
Patients with IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) frequently show an incomplete response to treatment with glucocorticoids and traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). B lymphocyte depletion is a therapeutic strategy known to be effective for pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune condition mediated by IgG4 autoantibodies. This study was performed to assess the clinical and serologic responses to B lymphocyte depletion therapy with rituximab in patients with IgG4-RSD. ⋯ Treatment with rituximab led to prompt clinical and serologic improvement in these patients with refractory IgG4-RSD, and is a viable treatment option for this condition. The decline in serum IgG4 concentrations was substantially steeper than that of the autoantibody concentrations in immune-mediated conditions in which rituximab is effective, such as in rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the reduction in IgG-subclass levels appeared to be specific for IgG4. The swift improvement of IgG4-RSD suggests that rituximab achieves its effects in IgG4-RSD by depleting the pool of B lymphocytes that replenish short-lived IgG4-secreting plasma cells.
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Arthritis and rheumatism · May 2010
Adipocytokines, insulin resistance, and coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.
The prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the increased risk is associated with insulin resistance. Adipocytokines have been linked to obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and coronary heart disease in the general population. This study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that adipocytokines affect insulin resistance and coronary atherosclerosis among patients with RA. ⋯ Leptin is associated with insulin resistance in patients with RA but, paradoxically, attenuates the effects of insulin resistance on coronary calcification.
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Arthritis and rheumatism · May 2010
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies bind surface-expressed citrullinated Grp78 on monocyte/macrophages and stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha production.
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), which are the most specific autoantibody marker in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), correlate with disease activity; however, the role of ACPAs in RA pathogenesis has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that ACPAs may directly stimulate mononuclear cells to produce inflammatory cytokines. Thus, we identified cognate antigens of ACPAs on monocyte/macrophages and examined their immunopathologic roles in the pathogenesis of RA. ⋯ We clearly demonstrated that ACPAs enhance NF-kappaB activity and TNFalpha production in monocyte/macrophages via binding to surface-expressed citrullinated Grp78.