Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has demonstrated proven benefit in tumor regression and improved long-term local control for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, precise analysis of the optimal waiting time that maximizes oncologic benefits of nCRT has not been established. ⋯ This study objectively determined the optimal time for surgery after completion of nCRT for rectal cancer based on completeness of resection and tumor downstaging. Eight weeks appears to be the critical threshold for optimal tumor response.