Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Antireflux procedures (ARPs) are effective treatments for GERD. However, variation in objective and patient-reported outcomes persists. Limited evidence and anecdotal experience suggest that patient sex may play a role. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes after ARPs between male and female patients. ⋯ Although patients of either sex experience symptom improvement and low rate of recurrence after ARPs, women are more likely to endorse gas and bloat compared with men. Final distensibility index 3 mm 2 /mmHg or more carries a high risk of recurrence. These results may augment how physicians prognosticate during consultation and tailor their treatment in patients with GERD.
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About 75% of medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs) are sporadic with 45% to 70% being driven by a RET mutation. Selpercatinib is an approved treatment for RET-mutated (mut RET ) MTC; however, treatments are needed for wild-type RET MTC (wt RET ). Genomic alterations and transcriptomic signatures of wt RET MTC may reveal new therapeutic insights. ⋯ We identified molecular alterations and immune-related features that distinguish wt RET from mut RET MTC. Although RET mutation drives MTC in the absence of other alterations, we showed that wt RET MTC frequently harbors MAPK pathway mutations. These findings may indicate a potential basis for MAPK-targeted therapy, possibly in combination with immuno-oncology agents for selected patients with wt RET MTC.