Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Comparative Study
Is a minor clinical anastomotic leak clinically significant after resection of colorectal cancer?
There are few reports comparing the variety and frequency of postoperative complications between patients with a major clinical leak requiring emergency abdominal reoperation and those with a minor leak diagnosed from clinical signs and managed expectantly without reoperation. This study examined the association between severity of leakage and 18 other postoperative complications, postoperative mortality, and length of postoperative hospital stay. ⋯ A minor leak is not trivial. Apart from the fact that major clinical leakage necessitates urgent reoperation, there were few other differences between major and minor clinical leaks in the frequency of other complications.
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Because the hospitals in Norway are mostly rural community hospitals that see life-threatening trauma only infrequently, we developed a course in damage control surgery based on a live porcine model in 1999. The course also focuses on teamwork and leadership training based on crew resource management principles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct educational benefit from the course and whether participants had used the damage control techniques in their subsequent daily practice. ⋯ This study shows that a team-oriented operative trauma course is not only beneficial in the short term, but the principles and techniques learned are subsequently applied by the graduates in their daily practice. Course content and structure, particularly the emphasis on integral operating room teams working together, is especially suitable for the rural setting.
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Open abdomen treatment because of severe abdominal sepsis and abdominal compartment syndrome remains a difficult task. Different surgical techniques are available and are often used according to the surgeon's personal experience. Recently, the abdominal vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) system has been introduced, providing a new possibility to treat an open abdomen. In this study, we evaluate the role of this treatment option. ⋯ Treatment of laparostomy with VAC for abdominal sepsis and abdominal compartment syndrome results in a high rate of successful abdominal closure. In addition, patients recover more rapidly, although hypertrophic scars might interfere with body perception. We recommend abdominal VAC system as first option if open abdomen treatment is indicated.
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The efficacy of prophylactic octreotide after pancreaticoduodenectomy has been rigorously scrutinized, yet few studies have specifically illustrated its impact in patients at high risk for pancreatic fistula. Applying a previously validated clinical classification scheme (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula) for postoperative pancreatic fistula severity, we examined whether prophylactic octreotide could effectuate a clinical or fiscal benefit, or both, after pancreatic resection. ⋯ Octreotide prophylaxis is an effective approach to mitigate the negative impact of pancreatic fistulas, but to obtain maximal clinical value and cost benefit, octreotide should be administered exclusively to patients with high-risk glands.
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An early predictive model for massive transfusion (MT) is critical for management of combat casualties because of limited blood product availability, component preparation, and the time necessary to mobilize fresh whole blood donors. The purpose of this study was to determine which variables, available early after injury, are associated with MT. We hypothesized that International Normalized Ratio and penetrating mechanism would be predictive. ⋯ MT after combat injury is associated with high mortality. Simple variables available early after admission allow accurate prediction of MT.