Journal of the American College of Surgeons
-
The role of data and safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) in clinical research in acute trauma resuscitation is not well documented. Many of the difficulties conducting acute resuscitation research are exacerbated because multiinstitutional studies are needed to adequately power such research. ⋯ Based on our experience as members of the study DSMB and on a review of the literature, we recommend a strong role for DSMBs in multicenter trials in acute resuscitative care.
-
Before extended hepatectomy of five or more segments, the remnant liver volume (RLV) is usually calculated as a ratio of RLV to total liver volume (RLV-TLV) and must be >20% to 25%. This method can lead to compare parts of normal liver parenchyma to others compromised by biliary or vascular obstruction or by portal vein embolization. Extrapolating from living-donor liver transplantation, we hypothesized that RLV to body weight ratio (RLV-BWR) could accurately assess the functional limit of hepatectomy. ⋯ RLV-BWR was more specific than RLV-TLV in predicting postoperative course after extended hepatectomy. Patients with an anticipated RLV < or = 0.5% of body weight are at considerable risk for hepatic dysfunction and postoperative mortality.
-
Earlier observations implicate arterial thrombosis causing endothelial dysfunction by decreasing nitric oxide (NO) levels. NO levels are restored by regional L-arginine supplementation in animal models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of thrombus components in NO generation. ⋯ Endothelial cells exposed to thrombin have increased arginase enzymatic activity, and the remainder of NO generation capability is unaffected. L-arginine supplementation or arginase blockade may counteract endothelial dysfunction in the setting of acute arterial thrombosis.