Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
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Semin Respir Crit Care Med · Aug 2014
ReviewVentilatory Strategies in Severe Acute Respiratory Failure.
Lung-protective ventilator strategies are considered standard practice in the care of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, attention is directed at avoidance of alveolar overdistention and cyclical opening and closing. The lowest possible plateau pressure and tidal volume (V(T)) should be selected. ⋯ Volume and pressure limitation during mechanical ventilation can be described in terms of stress and strain. Fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) and PEEP are typically titrated to maintain arterial oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) of 88 to 95% (Pao(2) 55-80 mm Hg). There is currently no clear proven benefit for advanced modes.
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Semin Respir Crit Care Med · Aug 2014
ReviewExtracorporeal Support for Severe Acute Respiratory Failure.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal CO(2) removal (ECCO(2)R) techniques have increasingly been applied in patients with severe acute lung injury refractory to conventional mechanical ventilatory support. The objectives of this article are to review current concepts of extracorporeal life support techniques (ECMO and ECCO(2)R systems) and provide the rationale for their application in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, and as adjunctive therapy for bridging patients to lung transplantation.