Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · May 2020
Visualization of the human enteric nervous system by confocal laser endomicroscopy in Hirschsprung's disease: An alternative to intraoperative histopathological diagnosis?
Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital abnormality of the enteric nervous system (ENS) presenting severe constipation soon after birth due to the lack of ganglion cells in the distal gut. Surgery for Hirschsprung's disease requires an intraoperative histopathological diagnosis to assess the extent of aganglionosis. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel endoscopic technique allowing real-time, in vivo analysis of cellular details during ongoing endoscopy. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of a new application of CLE to provide real-time observations of the ENS in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. In this preclinical feasibility study, we assessed the visualization of the ENS by CLE using surgically resected intestines. ⋯ As a novel tool for visualizing the human ENS, CLE has the potential to revolutionize how pediatric surgeons identify the level of ganglionosis during surgery for Hirschsprung's disease and may be a superior alternative to intraoperative histopathological diagnosis.
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High-resolution colonic manometry gives an unprecedented window into motor patterns of the human colon. Our objective was to characterize motor activities throughout the entire colon that possessed persistent rhythmicity and spanning at least 5 cm. ⋯ Within cyclic motor patterns, retrograde propagating, low-frequency pressure waves dominate in the rectum, likely keeping the rectum empty; and mixed propagation, high-frequency pressure waves dominate in the colon, likely promoting absorption and storage, hence contributing to continence. Propagation and frequency characteristics are likely determined by network properties of the interstitial cells of Cajal.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Mar 2020
Effects of intestinal alkaline phosphatase on intestinal barrier function in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model for sepsis.
Sepsis is a severe pathological condition associated with systemic inflammation, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been demonstrated to detoxify lipopolysaccharide, an important mediator in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We investigated the effect of treatment with IAP on intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and bacterial translocation. ⋯ Treatment with IAP diminished CLP-induced intestinal barrier disruption, associated with modified expression of several cytokines and claudins. Nevertheless, this effect did not translate into better clinical outcomes in our experimental setup.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Oct 2019
Effects of regulating gut microbiota on the serotonin metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model.
This study was to inspect the antidepressant-like effect of prebiotics and probiotics, and to explore the effect of modulating gut microbiota on the serotonin (5-HT) metabolism. ⋯ In conclusion, these findings implied that prebiotics and probiotics have antidepressive effects, and a considerable effect on the regulation of 5-HT metabolism, especially L. rhamnosus.