Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · May 2019
Ameliorating effects of optimized gastric electrical stimulation and mechanisms involving nerve growth factor and opioids in a rodent model of gastric hypersensitivity.
Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been applied to treat gastric motility disorders for decades. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of GES for visceral hypersensitivity in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia (FD). ⋯ GES with optimized parameters improves gastric hypersensitivity induced by neonatal treatment of IA mediated peripherally by suppressing NGF and via the opioid mechanism involving the µ receptor. GES as a potential therapy for treating visceral pain may be explored in clinical studies.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · May 2019
Pharmacologic effects of naldemedine, a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist, in in vitro and in vivo models of opioid-induced constipation.
Naldemedine (S-297995) is a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist developed as a once-daily oral drug for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adults with chronic noncancer or cancer pain. This study characterized the pharmacological effects of naldemedine in vitro and in vivo. ⋯ Naldemedine displayed potent binding affinity to, and antagonistic activity against, μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors. Naldemedine tempered OIC in vivo without compromising opioid analgesia.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Apr 2019
The American neurogastroenterology and motility society gastroparesis cardinal symptom index-daily diary (ANMS GCSI-DD): Psychometric evaluation in patients with idiopathic or diabetic gastroparesis.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index-Daily Diary, a patient-reported outcome instrument developed to meet US FDA recommendations for a symptom-based clinical trial endpoint in gastroparesis. The ANMS GCSI-DD assesses nausea, early satiety, postprandial fullness, and upper abdominal pain on a severity score from none (0) to very severe (4) and number of vomiting episodes during the past 24 hours. The composite score includes the first four symptoms, the core symptom score includes all five symptoms. ⋯ The ANMS GCSI-DD has excellent reliability and validity, supporting its use to assess symptom-based endpoints in gastroparesis clinical studies. Further analyses will be conducted using clinical trial data to ascertain treatment responsiveness and define a responder.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Mar 2019
Observational StudyPredictive clinical factors for penetration and aspiration in Parkinson's disease.
Do the current swallow-specific subquestions of neurological diagnostic tools reflect the objective swallowing function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients or are clinical factors superior to predict critical aspiration? ⋯ Self-perception of swallowing is no reliable tool for identifying dysphagia and questionnaires are insufficient for detecting previous aspiration. Consequent and specific asking for previous subjective aspiration signs is the single most important measure for identifying PD patients at risk for critical aspiration.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Mar 2019
Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation prevents postoperative ileus and endotoxemia in mice.
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway comprises the perception of peripheral inflammation by afferent sensory neurons and reflex activation of efferent vagus nerve activity to regulate inflammation. Activation of this pathway was shown to reduce the inflammatory response and improve outcome of postoperative ileus (POI) and sepsis in rodents. Herein, we tested if a non-invasive auricular electrical transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) affects inflammation in models of POI or endotoxemia. ⋯ tVNS prevents intestinal and systemic inflammation. Activation of the DMV indicates an afferent to efferent central circuitry of the tVNS stimulation and the beneficial effects of tVNS depend on an intact vagus nerve. tVNS may become a non-invasive approach for treatment of POI.