Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
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The relationship between smoking and the risk of postoperative complications among anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) patients remains uncertain. We compared the postoperative complication rates following ACDF surgery among non-smokers, current smokers, and ever-smokers. Baseline and outcome data were obtained from the 2005- to 2014 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database for patients over the age of 18 who underwent non-emergent ACDF surgery. ⋯ In addition, using the number of pack-years as the primary independent variable, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of pack-years was not significantly associated with greater odds of developing any one complication (P=0.276) or any major complication (P=0.334). However, ever-smoker status did present significantly higher odds of any major complication (OR, 1.333; 95% CI 1.007-1.764; P=0.044) than for non-smokers. These results suggest that any patient with a prior smoking history should be considered a higher risk surgical candidate when attempting ACDF.
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Plasma micro-RNA biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis after traumatic brain injury: A pilot study.
Prediction of post-concussive syndrome after apparent mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent cognitive recovery remains challenging, with substantial limitations of current methods of cognitive testing. This pilot study aimed to determine if levels of micro ribonucleic acids (RNAs) circulating in plasma are altered following TBI, and if changes to levels of such biomarkers over time could assist in determination of prognosis after TBI. Patients were enrolled after TBI on presentation to the Emergency Department and allocated to three groups: A - TBI (physical trauma to the head), witnessed loss of consciousness, amnesia, GCS=15, a normal CT Brain and a recorded first pass after post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) scale; B TBI, witnessed LOC, amnesia, GCS=15, a normal CT brain and a PTA scale test fail and: C - TBI and initial GCS <13 on arrival to the ED. ⋯ Two micro-RNAs, mir142-3p and mir423-3p demonstrated potential clinical utility differentiating patients after mild head injury into those at greater risk of developing amnesia and therefore, post-concussive syndromes. In addition, these miRNA demonstrated a decrease in expression over time, possibly indicative of brain healing after the injury. Further evaluation of these identified miRNA markers with larger patient cohorts, correlation with clinical symptoms and analysis over longer time periods are essential next steps in developing objective markers of severity of TBI.
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Telestroke services have been shown to increase stroke therapy access in rural areas. The implementation of advanced CT imaging for patient assessment may improve patient selection and detection of stroke mimics in conjunction with telestroke. We implemented a telestroke service supported by multimodal CT imaging in a rural hospital in Australia. ⋯ A 90-day mRS ⩽2 was achieved in 40% of treated patients. We conclude that a telestroke service using advanced CT imaging for therapy decision assistance can be successfully implemented in regional Australia and can be used to guide acute stroke treatment decision-making and improve access to thrombolytic therapy. Efficiency and safety is comparable to established telestroke services.
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Review Case Reports
Hippocampal sclerosis and associated focal cortical dysplasia-related epilepsy in neurofibromatosis type I.
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a relatively common disorder associated with a range of neurologic sequelae. Refractory epilepsy occurs in 4-13% of NF1 patients. Hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia, both well-defined epilepsy-related entities, have been described in a subset of cases. ⋯ Post-operatively, both patients had recurrence of habitual seizures, with one case continuing to have intractable seizures following two subsequent temporal lobectomies. Although hippocampal sclerosis association with focal cortical dysplasia is well document in epilepsy, it has been rarely described in the setting of neurofibromatosis type I. Although prior surgical series have shown good epilepsy surgery outcomes within neurofibromatosis type I, these two cases did not.
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Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is an alternative to standard posterior approaches for achieving fusion in the lumbar spine. It allows exposure of the lateral aspect of the lumbar disc through a lateral approach with the possibility to insert a wide footprint interbody cage as a stand-alone procedure or associated with a uni- or bilateral percutaneous fixation. This is a retrospective series of 20 consecutive patients operated with a XLIF procedure from 2014 to 2015. ⋯ The XLIF procedure accomplishes a secure and effective interbody fusion. This approach allows for an indirect decompression of neural structures by restoring foramen dimensions and disc space height, leading to an improvement of symptoms. Furthermore, XLIF seems to improve segmental sagittal balance.