Journal of travel medicine
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Two mRNA vaccines, Pfizer-BNT162b2 and Moderna-mRNA-1273, obtained the Emergency Use Listing by WHO for preventing COVID-19. However, little is known about the difference in antibody responses induced by these two mRNA vaccines in naïve and previously infected (PI) individuals. ⋯ Our results showed that the PI-vaccinated group produces a higher level of antibodies than the naïve vaccinated group, particularly for those vaccinated with BNT162b2.
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In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised their position on yellow fever vaccination, in which revaccination every 10 years was no longer required, and that a single-dose provided life-long protection. However, research data on the immunogenicity of YF vaccine in people aged 60 years and over are scarce. Indeed, immunosenescence may result in lower virus neutralizing antibody titers after primary vaccination and a more rapid waning immunity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that older travelers, vaccinated at 60 years or older are more likely to become seronegative in comparison to young adults 10 years after primary YF vaccination. ⋯ All older travelers were seropositive, 10 years after a primary YF vaccination at the age of ≥60 years. These data suggest that in older travelers a single vaccination is sufficient to convey long-lasting immunity for at least 10 years, and is in support the position of the WHO on a single-dose yellow fever vaccination.
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In recent years, multiple outbreaks of measles associated with vaccine hesitancy occurred in high-income countries, where measles incidence had previously been low. Most safety data about the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine are derived from studies conducted among children, whereas evidence regarding the safety profile of the vaccine in adults is scarce. ⋯ The current study demonstrated low rates of systemic AEs and no serious AEs following either MMR or MMRV administration. More AEs were reported among females, and rates of AEs were similar after either MMR or MMRV.
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With the emergence of novel pathogens, there is a worldwide debate on the cancellation or conduction of mass gathering events. ⋯ The direct influence of Kumbh Mela on the increase in the overall number of COVID-19 cases is observed. Although, the socio-cultural, psychological and economical advantages of MGs are considerable in a developing nation like India, but organization of such events can be a huge health hazard. The lack of efficient implementation and observance of COVID-19 guidelines elevates the necessity of cancellation of such MGs to prevent the outbreak of diseases. Thus, a well-conducted risk assessment prior to the hosting of a MG event during a pandemic is required with strict application of precautionary measures towards prevention of super-spreader events.