JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Morphological variations in Placentas among Deliveries in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
The full term human placenta is a flattened discoidal mass with an approximately circular or oval outline. However, variations can be present in the morphology in the form of bidiscoidal shape, lobed, diffused, fenestrated or circumvallate. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of morphological variations in placentas among deliveries in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ The prevalence of morphological variations in placentas was found to be higher than the studies done in similar settings.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Warts among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Dermatology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Warts are benign epithelial proliferations caused by a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid virus called human papillomavirus. They may cause significant concern and frustration on the part of the patient affecting social activities as lesions can be uncomfortable, and treatment is often painful and frustratingly ineffective. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of warts among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Dermatology in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ The prevalence of warts among outpatients was similar when compared to other studies from similar settings.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Case ReportsUse of Novel Biological Agent in Severe Ulcerative Colitis with Poor Response to Initial Therapy: A Case Report.
Ulcerative colitis is a condition of chronic inflammation affecting the large intestine. The disease is typically characterized by periods of active inflammation alternating with periods of remission. ⋯ The patient was initially treated with mesalamine and azathioprine which did not result in significant clinical improvement but the addition of subcutaneous adalimumab showed a remarkable response with drastic improvement in just one year of treatment. Hence, adalimumab could be considered as an option in the management of severe cases in Nepal.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Role of Biofilm in Bacterial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance.
Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. Microbial flora which produces biofilm manifests an altered growth rate and transcribes genes that provide them resistance to antimicrobial and host immune systems. Biofilms protect the invading bacteria against the immune system of the host via impaired activation of phagocytes and the complement system. ⋯ Biofilm causes antibiotic resistance through processes like chromosomally encoded resistant genes, restriction of antibiotics, reduction of growth rate, and host immunity. Biofilm formation is responsible for the development of superbugs like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and maintaining hygiene, especially in hospitalized patients are required to control biofilm-related infections in order to prevent antimicrobial resistance.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Sickle Cell Anaemia among Tharu Population Visiting the Outpatient Department of General Medicine in a Secondary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Sickle cell anaemia is a global health issue in which a mutation of the β-globin gene changes normal haemoglobin in sickle-shaped red blood cells. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of sickle cell anaemia among the Tharu population visiting the outpatient Department of General Medicine in a secondary care centre. ⋯ The prevalence of sickle cell anaemia was higher when compared to other studies conducted in similar settings. The government needs to emphasise more effort in diagnosing cases as well as increasing the testing centre.