JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Left Accessory Mental Foramen in Dry Mandibles in Department of Anatomy in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
The presence of accessory mental foramen is one of the anatomical variations in the mandible. The occurrence of accessory mental foramen can differ in terms of number, shape, and size or there can even be an absence of it. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen in dry mandibles in the Department of Anatomy of a medical college. ⋯ The prevalence of left accessory mental foramen in mandibles was similar to the studies done in similar settings.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Diet, Sleep and Exercise: The Keystones of Healthy Lifestyle for Medical Students.
The journey of five to six years of medical school is a mixture of different emotions ranging from happiness to stress, anxiety and even mental breakdowns. Diet, sleep and exercise are considered to be three integral components of a healthy life which are often neglected by us, as medical students mostly as a result of such emotional changes in their life. We need a good anount of nutrition to maintain the energy levels for our day-to-day chores, adequate sleep for proper functioning of body and mind and exercise to keep us energized throughout the day. A healthy lifestyle is something that every individual strive towards in their life and as medical students we must always consider about having a healthy lifestyle by balancing our diet, sleep, and exercise.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Irregular Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made access to antenatal care services difficult, which could lead to serious implications for the health of mothers and fetus. There is limited study regarding its impact on pregnant women. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of irregular antenatal care attendance among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ The prevalence of irregular antenatal care attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than other studies done in similar settings. Antenatal care is crucial to prevent maternal, fetal morbidity and mortality, hence uninterrupted antenatal care services should be provided even during crisis situation like COVID-19 pandemics.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Sep 2022
Role of Biofilm in Bacterial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance.
Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. Microbial flora which produces biofilm manifests an altered growth rate and transcribes genes that provide them resistance to antimicrobial and host immune systems. Biofilms protect the invading bacteria against the immune system of the host via impaired activation of phagocytes and the complement system. ⋯ Biofilm causes antibiotic resistance through processes like chromosomally encoded resistant genes, restriction of antibiotics, reduction of growth rate, and host immunity. Biofilm formation is responsible for the development of superbugs like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and maintaining hygiene, especially in hospitalized patients are required to control biofilm-related infections in order to prevent antimicrobial resistance.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Aug 2022
Case ReportsStatus Dystonicus with Atypical Presentation in Developmentally Delay Child: A Case Report.
Status dystonicus is characterised by involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contractions of muscles causing repetitive twisting movements, abnormal postures of the body, or both is a rare but life-threatening movement disorder. Early diagnosis and management of status dystonicus prevent serious complications. We report a 2 years old previously developmental delay diagnosed girl who presented with generalised contractions of the whole body. Tightening of limbs is aggravated by touching her backside which is a very unique feature. Dystonia is associated with severe sweating and was confused with a seizure event. The patient was treated with midazolam, clonidine, phenytoin, gabapentin, pyridoxine, baclofen, and trihexyphenidyl. She was admitted to the intensive care unit for monitoring. The patient partially recovered after 10 days of treatment. ⋯ aspiration; children; dystonia; epilepsy; pneumonia.