Academic radiology
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Comparison of Resource Utilization and Clinical Outcomes Following Screening with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Versus Digital Mammography: Findings From a Learning Health System.
To compare outcomes associated with breast cancer screening with digital mammography (DM) alone versus in combination with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in a large representative cohort. ⋯ DBT demonstrated a more efficient screening pathway and improved quality measures with lower recall rates in all patient types, reduced diagnostic mammography and shorter time to biopsy and final diagnosis.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform the clinical practice of radiology. This study investigated Canadian medical students' perceptions of the impact of AI on radiology, and their influence on the students' preference for radiology specialty. ⋯ Anxiety related to "displacement" (not "replacement") of radiologists by AI discouraged many medical students from considering the radiology specialty. The radiology community should educate medical students about the potential impact of AI, to ensure radiology is perceived as a viable long-term career choice.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a heterogeneous disease characterized by small airway abnormality and emphysema. We hypothesized that a voxel-wise computed tomography analytic approach would identify patterns of disease progression in smokers. ⋯ A voxel-wise longitudinal PRM analytic approach can identify patterns of disease progression in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance (MR)-based imaging markers in predicting future forced expiratory volume in one second decline/chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder progression in smokers compared to current diagnostic techniques. ⋯ The imaging predication model generated from measurements obtained during 3He MR imaging is better able to predict future FEV1 decline compared to one based on current clinical tests and demographics. The imaging model's superiority appears to arise from its ability to distinguish well-circumscribed, severe disease from a more uniform distribution of moderately altered lung function, which is more closely associated with subsequent FEV1 decline.
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Spatial heterogeneity of lung aeration and strain (change volume/resting volume) occurs at microscopic levels and contributes to lung injury. Yet, it is mostly assessed with histograms or large regions-of-interest. Spatial heterogeneity could also influence regional gene expression. We used positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to assess the contribution of different length-scales to mechanical heterogeneity and to direct lung injury biological pathway identification. ⋯ Normal spatial heterogeneity of aeration and strain suggest larger anatomical and functional determinants of lung strain than aeration heterogeneity. Lung injury and supine position increase the contribution of larger length-scales. 18F-FDG-PET-based categorization of gene expression results in known and novel biological pathways relevant to lung injury.