Disease-a-month : DM
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Oral cancer is depicted by diverse geographic disparity in its incidence and prevalence, with a wide range of variation in its distribution across various parts of the world. The present review aims at focusing on the global epidemiological data of oral cancer and catalogues the available data from the past to till date on burden of oral cancer across different continents in the world. The review also suggests a few ideas on modifying the recording of the epidemiological data of the disease.
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Disease-a-month : DM · Dec 2020
ReviewMinimally invasive procedures for the recognition and diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer.
Oral cancer represents a blend of genetic and epigenetic instability. Many a times, oral cancer occurs in the background of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which could be easily detected and diagnosed. ⋯ In addition, these chair-side diagnostic procedures offer relatively good sensitivity and specificity despite some of their limitations. These diagnostic tools could complement good clinical history and thorough examination of patients for early detection of oral precancer and cancer.
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An estimated 4% of all cancers are of the oral cavity or oropharyngeal. Presently, management of the oral cancers mainly includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy either alone or in combination depending on the individual case. Each of these techniques has their advantages and disadvantages. ⋯ Radiotherapy has significant side effects like mucositis, myelosuppression, xerostomia and dental caries. With the advent of newer treatment methods like the targeted therapy, immune therapy and gene therapy, treatment outcomes are better with fewer side effects. This has generally improved survival rates and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Disease-a-month : DM · Nov 2020
ReviewPancreatic fluid collections: Clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation and management.
Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC), including pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis, are a known complication of severe acute pancreatitis. A majority of the PFCs remain asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. However, some PFCs persist and can become symptomatic. ⋯ Management of PFCs has evolved from a primarily surgical or percutaneous approach to a less invasive endoscopic approach. Endoscopic interventions are associated with improved outcomes with lesser chances of complications, faster recovery time, and lower healthcare utilization. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of PFCs using lumen-apposing metal stents has become the preferred approach for the management of symptomatic and complicated PFCs.