Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
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Review
Systematic review of cognitive behavior therapy to improve mental health of women living with HIV.
Psychological distress is highly prevalent in people living with HIV. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been associated with improved mental health outcomes in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM); however, little is known of its effect in women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA). We review current literature on CBT and its effects on depression, anxiety, stress and mental health quality of life (QOL) in WLHA. ⋯ CBT is a promising therapy for WLHA. CBT may reduce psychological distress, improving symptoms of depression, stress and QOL. There is a need for additional, better standardized studies that examine CBT for WLHA.
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have proved to act as crucial biomarkers in tumors. Novel biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) need to be investigated badly. To identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs between NSCLC tissue and adjacent tissue, microarray analysis was performed. lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 was significantly less expressed in NSCLC tissue than that in adjacent tissue. ⋯ Functionally, SLC16A1-AS1 overexpression could inhibit the viability and proliferation of lung cancer cell, block the cell cycle and promote cell apoptosis in vitro which may result from reduced phosphorylation of rat sarcoma (RAS)/ proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF)/ mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway caused by elevated expression of SLC16A1-AS1. Clinical sample analysis showed that SLC16A1-AS1 had a favorable impact on the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with NSCLC. Our results suggested that SLC16A1-AS1 may act as a potential biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
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Whole-body protein turnover (protein synthesis, breakdown, and net balance) model enables quantification of the response to a variety of circumstances, including the response to meal feeding. In the fed state, the whole-body protein turnover model requires taking account of the contribution of absorbed tracee to the observed total appearance of tracee in the peripheral blood (exogenous appearance, RaEXO). ⋯ Finally, RaEXO can be estimated as the increase above the basal rate of appearance of the tracee using traditional tracer dilution methodology. In this paper, we discuss the pros and cons of each approach and conclude that the bioavailability method is the least likely to introduce systematic errors and is therefore the preferable approach.
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Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis by cell contact, and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are recently reported to mediate local cell-to-cell cross-talk by transferring messenger RNAs, LncRNAs, and proteins. Compelling studies have identified BMSC-derived exosomes induce proliferation, migration, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells. ⋯ Our results showed that MM cell-derived exosomes promoted IL-6 secretion and suppressed osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of BMSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MM cell-derived exosomes lead to an increase in APE1 and NF-kB and a reduction in Runx2, Osterix and OCN in BMSCs. Taken together, MM cell-derived exosomes induce the secretion of IL-6 and poor osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) cytology to detect pancreatic cancer is limited, with a high false negative rate mainly due to the relatively fewer number of completely cancerous cells. To improve the accuracy of EUS-FNA cytological diagnosis, we evaluated a novel optical system-spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (SL-QPM)-to analyze nanoscale nuclear architecture on original cytology samples, especially those diagnosed as indeterminate for malignancy, with the goal of maintaining high specificity and reducing false positive rate. We performed SL-QPM on original cytology samples obtained by EUS-FNA from 40 patients with suspicious pancreatic solid lesions (27 adenocarcinomas, 5 neuroendocrine tumor, 8 chronic pancreatitis), including 13 cases that were cytologically indeterminate. ⋯ The SL-QPM-derived nanoscale nuclear architectural parameters distinguished pancreatic cancer from cytologically indeterminate cells. A logistic regression model using nuclear entropy and SD increased the sensitivity of cytology in identifying pancreatic cancer from 72% to 94% while maintaining 100% specificity. The SL-QPM-derived nanoscale nuclear architecture properties show great promise in improving the cytological diagnosis of EUS-FNA for pancreatic cancer and could be used when traditional cytopathology does not get an accurate diagnosis, and can be easily translated into a traditional clinical device.