Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
-
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease complicating with acute thrombophylic conditions, probably also via an inflammatory burden. Anticoagulants are efficacious, but their optimal preventive doses are unknown. The present study was aimed to compare different enoxaparin doses/kg of body weight in the prevention of clot complications in COVID-19 pneumonia. ⋯ The decision about heparin dosing was patient by patient. Higher enoxaparin therapy (mean 0.62±0.16 mg/kg) showed a better thromboprophylactic action (HR=0.2, p=0.04) with respect to lower doses (mean 0.42±0.06 mg/kg), independently from the clinical presentation of the disease. Therefore, COVID-19 pneumonia might request higher enoxaparin doses to reduce thromboembolic events in hospitalized patients, even if outside intensive care units.
-
Studies reported to date suggest that men with COVID-19 have more severe disease and worse outcomes when compared with women. The explanation for this finding is not entirely clear. The goal of this study was to compare clinical characteristics, inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcome between men and women. ⋯ Men had evidence of greater disease severity, with a significantly greater admission to the intensive care unit and borderline higher hospital mortality. Our study supports the observation that COVID-19 causes more severe disease in men. The greater disease severity in men was not due to the effect of age or comorbidities; however, in keeping with experimental studies, men had evidence of a heightened inflammatory response, likely contributing to disease severity.
-
The present study sought to investigate the association between silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and autophagy during systemic inflammatory response syndrome following burn injury. The experimental burn model in mice and macrophages were established. SIRT1 mRNA expression was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. ⋯ Besides, sirtinol effectively prevented SIRT1-induced pro-inflammation during burn injury. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine significantly attenuated SIRT1 overexpression-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. SIRT1 abolished burn injury-induced inflammatory response by inducing autophagy.
-
The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is straining hospitals. Judicious resource allocation is paramount but difficult due to the unpredictable disease course. Once hospitalized, discerning which patients may progress to critical disease would be valuable for resource planning. ⋯ The ALLY tool identified >70% of hospitalized cases that progressed to critical COVID-19 disease. We recommend prospectively tracking albumin. This is a globally applicable tool for all healthcare systems.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Effect of rosiglitazone on circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) level in diabetes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight clinical trials.
Patients with type 2 diabetes have high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and clinical data suggest a reducing effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) on the level of MDA in these patients. However, the results of available studies on the level of MDA in RSG-treated patients are not univocal. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of RSG on the level of MDA. ⋯ Subgroup analyses showed that an intervention dose of 8 mg/day in serum samples was found to have a reducing effect on the level of MDA (-0.56 μmol/mL; 95% CI -0.98 to -0.14; p=0.008; I2=11.4%; p heterogeneity=0.32). Random-effects meta-regression did not show any significant association between the level of MDA and potential confounders including RSG dose, treatment duration, and sex. In conclusion, we found a significant reduction in MDA concentration in subjects with T2D who received a dose of 8 mg of RSG daily.