Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
-
Whole-body protein turnover (protein synthesis, breakdown, and net balance) model enables quantification of the response to a variety of circumstances, including the response to meal feeding. In the fed state, the whole-body protein turnover model requires taking account of the contribution of absorbed tracee to the observed total appearance of tracee in the peripheral blood (exogenous appearance, RaEXO). ⋯ Finally, RaEXO can be estimated as the increase above the basal rate of appearance of the tracee using traditional tracer dilution methodology. In this paper, we discuss the pros and cons of each approach and conclude that the bioavailability method is the least likely to introduce systematic errors and is therefore the preferable approach.
-
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have proved to act as crucial biomarkers in tumors. Novel biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) need to be investigated badly. To identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs between NSCLC tissue and adjacent tissue, microarray analysis was performed. lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 was significantly less expressed in NSCLC tissue than that in adjacent tissue. ⋯ Functionally, SLC16A1-AS1 overexpression could inhibit the viability and proliferation of lung cancer cell, block the cell cycle and promote cell apoptosis in vitro which may result from reduced phosphorylation of rat sarcoma (RAS)/ proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF)/ mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway caused by elevated expression of SLC16A1-AS1. Clinical sample analysis showed that SLC16A1-AS1 had a favorable impact on the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with NSCLC. Our results suggested that SLC16A1-AS1 may act as a potential biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
-
Stable isotope tracers have been used to gain an understanding of integrative animal and human physiology. More commonly studied organ systems include hepatic glucose metabolism, lipolysis from adipose tissue, and whole body protein metabolism. Recent improvements in isotope methodology have included the use of novel physiologic methods/models and mathematical modeling of data during different physiologic states. ⋯ Second, we describe an adaptation of the established oral minimal model used to define postprandial glucose dynamics to include glycerol dynamics in an oral glucose tolerance test with a [2H5]-glycerol tracer to determine dynamic changes in lipolysis. Simulation results were optimized when parameters describing glycerol flux were determined with a hybrid approach using both tracer-based calculations and constrained parameter optimization. Both of these methodologies can be used to expand our knowledge of not only human physiology, but also the effects of various nutritional strategies and medications on metabolism.
-
The clinical findings and CT images are investigated in order to fulfill an early preoperative diagnosis and increase awareness of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) confined to the appendix. 17 cases with histologically proven LAMNs confined to the appendix were included in this study. All patients had received multiphase CT examinations before the surgery. The imaging criteria included shape, size, margin, attenuation, secondary degeneration and internal mass enhancement pattern. ⋯ Mild ring mural enhancement of the cystic wall was seen during the arterial phase, with progressive enhancement during the portal venous phase. In addition, mini enhancing mural nodules was observed in 5 cases. Although preoperative diagnosis of LAMNs confined to the appendix remains challenging, it should be considered when a focal well-defined cystic mass with slightly higher than water attenuation, thickened cystic wall with ring mural enhancement and a characteristic progressive contrast enhancement in CT imaging, especially in older females with non-specific symptoms similar to appendicitis.
-
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis by cell contact, and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are recently reported to mediate local cell-to-cell cross-talk by transferring messenger RNAs, LncRNAs, and proteins. Compelling studies have identified BMSC-derived exosomes induce proliferation, migration, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells. ⋯ Our results showed that MM cell-derived exosomes promoted IL-6 secretion and suppressed osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of BMSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MM cell-derived exosomes lead to an increase in APE1 and NF-kB and a reduction in Runx2, Osterix and OCN in BMSCs. Taken together, MM cell-derived exosomes induce the secretion of IL-6 and poor osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.