Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
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The association between fracture rates and neighborhood characteristics in Washington, DC, children.
Effects of neighborhood contextual features have been found for many diseases, including bone fractures in adults. Our study objective was to evaluate the association between neighborhood characteristics and pediatric bone fracture rates. We hypothesized that neighborhood indices of deprivation would be associated with higher fracture rates. ⋯ Thus, neighborhood characteristics are associated with risk for fractures in children. These results can help inform translational efforts to develop targeted strategies for bone fracture prevention in children.
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To examine whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be used instead of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to identify nondiabetic Chinese adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MS). ⋯ An HbA1c greater than or equal to 5.7% was associated with the presence of MS and can be considered a surrogate for FPG in the diagnosis of MS in nondiabetic Chinese adolescents.
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Several biomarkers are becoming available for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI), but few have been directly compared. ⋯ Our study suggests a temporal hierarchy in the ability of certain urinary protein-based biomarkers to detect AKI after a well-defined tubular injury. Comparative analyses of urinary biomarkers are warranted in clinical settings such as patients receiving CP to discern the time course and pattern of expression.
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The polymorphisms within the FTO gene play an important role in the genetic determination of body weight and body mass index and have been associated with cardiovascular disease, but the causal mechanism is still a matter of debate. The possible effect on the platelet count as a marker of hemocoagulation status as a possible cardiovascular risk factor was suggested in Japanese population. ⋯ We have not detected a significant association between the FTO rs1558902 variant and platelet counts in white women (TT, 242 ± 55 × 10; TA, 246 ± 67 × 10; and AA, 247 ± 55 × 10; F[2.642] = 0.30, P = 0.75). At least in white persons, platelet count seems not to be a link between the FTO variation and risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Human obesity is characterized by high levels of leptin, and it has been suggested that obese patients may be leptin resistant. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene on metabolic response, weight loss, and serum leptin levels to a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese patients. ⋯ Patients with Asn656 allele have a different response than Lys656Lys genotype subjects, with a lack of decrease in insulin levels, leptin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance after weight loss.