Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
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Intradermal capsaicin is a human pain model that produces reliable pain and sensitization. This model facilitates controlled testing of analgesic efficacy via a crossover design while minimizing confounding variables in clinical pain states and retaining sufficient power with small samples. ⋯ The 10 and 100 microg capsaicin doses produced robust pain measures across a range of modalities, and lower doses produced minimal effects. Whereas most studies use 100 microg, using a lower dose is reasonable and may facilitate detection of subtle analgesic effects--particularly with nonopioid analgesics--and drugs can be tested in lower doses, minimizing adverse side effects.
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Han is the largest and Zhuang is the second largest among the 56 nationalities in China. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, among which Hei Yi (which means "black worship" and "black dressing") Zhuang is the most conservative group, according to its unique culture and customs. Little is known about the lipid profiles and corresponding risk factors of hyperlipidemia in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia for the middle-aged and elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. ⋯ In the present study of the middle-aged and elderly population, the Hei Yi Zhuang have a more favorable lipid profile and a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than do the Han, and there is also a significant difference in the risk factors for hyperlipidemia between the two ethnic groups, which might result from the effects of different demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and lifestyle factors.
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Advances in biomedical research during the last decade have highlighted the necessity of attracting greater numbers of physicians to careers that include a research component. Physician participation in research is essential to increase the number of clinical and translational studies performed, as well as to educate the public about the importance of clinical trials and to assist in recruiting participants. We hypothesized that attractive research opportunities that included faculty mentoring, recognition of participation, and rewards for accomplishments would encourage medical student participation. ⋯ Although it is too early to assess the long-term effects, the research programs offered led to greater numbers of students who did research, including those in traditionally underrepresented groups. Moreover, students were highly satisfied with their experiences, with 80% feeling that it increased their interest in applying principles they learned to the practice of medicine.
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Many studies have shown differences in cardiac care by racial/ethnic groups without accounting for institutional factors at the location of care. ⋯ Significant differences in triage for patients with suspected ACS exist between public and private hospital EDs, even after adjustment for multiple patient demographic, clinical, and institutional factors. Further studies are needed to clarify the causes of the differences.