The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
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J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. · Jun 2005
Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: the Women's Health and Aging Studies I and II.
The physiological basis of the geriatric syndrome of frailty, a clinical state of increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes such as disability and mortality, remains to be better characterized. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) and a recently-validated measure of frailty in community-dwelling older women, and whether this relationship was modified by cardiovascular disease (CVD) status. ⋯ In community-dwelling older women, mildly low and low-normal Hb levels were independently associated with increased frailty risk. This risk was synergistically modified by the presence of CVD. These results suggest that mild anemia, and even low-normal Hb levels are independent, potentially modifiable risk factors for frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
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J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. · May 2005
Psychotropic medications and risk for falls among community-dwelling frail older people: an observational study.
Injuries due to falls are one of the most important public health concerns for all ages, but especially for frail elderly people. Although a small number of falls have a single cause, the majority have many different causes resulting from the interactions between intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors. ⋯ Our data suggest that, among psychotropic medications, antipsychotic agents and benzodiazepines are associated with an increased risk of falls. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that preferential prescribing of short-acting benzodiazepines instead of long-acting agents or atypical antipsychotic medications instead of typical agents will substantially decrease fall risk associated with the use of these classes of drugs.
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J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. · Apr 2005
Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women after publication of the Women's Health Initiative Trial.
After publication of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial in July 2002, many physicians discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in most of their postmenopausal patients. However, little is known about the women who remain on HRT. ⋯ Despite the widespread impact of the WHI trial results, many women still remained on HRT in an internal medicine practice for a variety of reasons and despite relative contraindications to its use.
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J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialFeasibility and reliability of four pain self-assessment scales and correlation with an observational rating scale in hospitalized elderly demented patients.
Acute and chronic pain is common in hospitalized demented elderly people, yet there are limited data about the performance of pain assessment tools in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of four pain self-assessment scales in this population and compare their performance to an observational pain rating scale. ⋯ Self-assessment pain scales can be used reliably in the vast majority of older hospitalized patients with mild to moderate dementia and in nearly half of those with severe dementia. Observational pain rating scales correlate only moderately with self-assessment and should be reserved for those few patients who have demonstrated that they cannot complete a self-assessment.
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J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. · Mar 2005
Comparative StudyAge, hormones, and cognitive functioning among middle-aged and elderly men: cross-sectional evidence from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.
This study examines interrelationships among age, hormones, and cognition for middle-aged and elderly men, and tests whether hormones predict lower cognitive functioning and mediate the age-cognition relationship. ⋯ The direct effects of hormones on cognition are not significant when salient factors are considered. Further, hormones do not mediate the age-cognition relationship; it is necessary to look to other explanatory pathways.