The American journal of orthopedics
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Arthroscopic shoulder surgery with the patient in the beach-chair position (BCP) has been associated with neurocognitive complications caused by cerebral ischemia. We reviewed the current literature for the incidence of postoperative neurocognitive deficits, number of reported neurocognitive complications, and incidence of intraoperative cerebral desaturation events in patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the BCP. Among 10 studies with a composite enrollment of 24,701 patients, there was only 1 case of a postoperative neurocognitive deficit (overall incidence, 0.004%). ⋯ Incidence of reported intraoperative cerebral desaturation events varied significantly (0%-100%; mean, 41.1%). Neurocognitive complications have been reported in patients who had arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the BCP. Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral perfusion, alternatives to general anesthesia, and prudent use of intraoperative blood pressure control may improve patient safety.
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Clinical outcomes of surgical management of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in professional baseball players have been uniformly poor. We conducted a study to investigate return-to-play data and functional performance using a novel arthroscopic repair technique. We hypothesized that arthroscopic rotator cuff repair would result in a high rate of return to professional pitching and favorable functional outcomes. ⋯ Overhead athletes require a delicate balance of shoulder mobility and stability to meet functional demands. Anatomical adaptations at the glenohumeral joint should be considered when performing rotator cuff repair in these patients in order to preserve peak functional performance. This novel repair technique affords a high rate of return to MLB play, though elite overhead throwers should be counseled that pitching productivity might decrease after surgery.
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Case Reports
Phenotype HNPP (Hereditary Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies) Induced by Medical Procedures.
The phenotype HNPP (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies) is caused by heterozygous deletion of the PMP22 gene. HNPP is clinically characterized by asymmetric focal sensory loss and muscle weakness. Reports of HNPP have been rare. ⋯ After undergoing total knee arthroplasty, she developed a footdrop with prolonged recovery. We concluded (a) that the HNPP mutation may carry a high risk for certain surgical procedures not expected to cause neurologic deficits in normal patients and (b) that humans with the HNPP mutation can be asymptomatic. Lack of symptoms can contribute to underrecognition of the disease.
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Traumatic extensor dysfunction of the knee in children is a rare injury, with the majority resulting from tibial tubercle avulsion fracture or patellar sleeve fracture. We report a rare case of combined patellar avulsion fracture and tibial tubercle fracture. ⋯ Advanced imaging with computed tomography provided vital information to aid with operative planning, especially since the majority of the unossified tubercle was not seen on plain radiographs, and all fracture fragments were originally believed to be from the tibial tubercle. Computed tomography distinguished the patellar fracture from the tibial tubercle fragments, verifying preoperatively the complexity of the injury.
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Over the past decade, there has been a marked increase in the number of primary and revision total hip and knee arthroplasties performed in the United States. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of these procedures; however, little is known about its epidemiology in the elective arthroplasty population. We conducted a study to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI after elective joint arthroplasty. ⋯ After adjusting for confounders, we found an association between AKI and a significantly increased risk for in-hospital mortality and discharge to long-term facilities. AKI serves as an important quality indicator in elective hip and knee surgeries. With elective arthroplasties expected to rise, carefully planned approach to interdisciplinary perioperative care is essential to reduce both the risk and consequences of AKI.