Clinical drug investigation
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To determine the effect of oseltamivir (75mg twice daily) on time to return to baseline health, sleep and activity in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. ⋯ In otherwise healthy adults, oseltamivir reduces the time to return to pre-illness levels of health, sleep and activity, and may help to decrease the overall burden of influenza on society. This provides an important rationale for the early use of antiviral treatment, such as oseltamivir, for the treatment of influenza in otherwise healthy adults and adolescents.
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Botulinum toxin type A has been shown to relieve primary headaches, myofascial pain and various neuropathic pains. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common disorder resulting from median nerve compression at the wrist. As reports of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of CTS were limited, this study set out to evaluate the safety and tolerability of botulinum toxin A and its effects on the relief of nerve entrapment and pain in patients with CTS. ⋯ Our data suggest long-lasting antinociceptive effects of botulinum toxin A rather than electrophysiological restoration in patients with CTS. Intracarpal injection of botulinum toxin A was shown to be well tolerated and safe. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin A in CTS is warranted since the current study may have been confounded by the placebo effect of intracarpal injection.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of granisetron for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing breast surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Women undergoing general anaesthesia for breast surgery are especially at risk of experiencing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of granisetron, a selective serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery. ⋯ The minimum effective dose of granisetron for the treatment of PONV in women undergoing breast surgery was 20 microg/kg. Increasing the granisetron dose to 80 microg/kg provided no further benefit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy: combined antiemetic treatment with dexamethasone and ginger versus dexamethasone alone.
The aim of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of dexamethasone plus ginger and dexamethasone alone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. ⋯ In conclusion, the prophylactic combination of antiemetic treatment with dexamethasone and ginger was not clinically or statistically superior to dexamethasone alone in preventing PONV in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Age-related differences in metoclopramide requirement for pain on injection of propofol.
Pain on injection is still a major problem with propofol; metoclopramide effectively decreases this pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of aging on metoclopramide requirement for propofol-induced pain. ⋯ This study showed that older patients require less metoclopramide, with venous occlusion for 1 minute, to reduce pain on injection of propofol than do younger patients.