Clinical drug investigation
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of granisetron for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing breast surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Women undergoing general anaesthesia for breast surgery are especially at risk of experiencing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of granisetron, a selective serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery. ⋯ The minimum effective dose of granisetron for the treatment of PONV in women undergoing breast surgery was 20 microg/kg. Increasing the granisetron dose to 80 microg/kg provided no further benefit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy: combined antiemetic treatment with dexamethasone and ginger versus dexamethasone alone.
The aim of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of dexamethasone plus ginger and dexamethasone alone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. ⋯ In conclusion, the prophylactic combination of antiemetic treatment with dexamethasone and ginger was not clinically or statistically superior to dexamethasone alone in preventing PONV in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
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Breast surgery performed under general anaesthesia is associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Between 60% and 80% of patients undergoing mastectomy (with axillary dissection) experience PONV. Pharmacological approaches have been investigated to reduce PONV after breast surgery. ⋯ Overall, these pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches reduce the incidence of PONV following breast surgery. Most of the published trials indicate improved prophylaxis of PONV following breast surgery by avoiding risk factors, and by using effective antiemetic agents in women scheduled for mastectomy (with axillary dissection). The clinician must weigh the benefits of using pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for PONV against the risk of occurrence of adverse events.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Age-related differences in metoclopramide requirement for pain on injection of propofol.
Pain on injection is still a major problem with propofol; metoclopramide effectively decreases this pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of aging on metoclopramide requirement for propofol-induced pain. ⋯ This study showed that older patients require less metoclopramide, with venous occlusion for 1 minute, to reduce pain on injection of propofol than do younger patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-term safety of intravenous ibandronic acid for up to 4 years in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label trial.
Despite their widespread use in metastatic bone disease, some bisphosphonate drugs are associated with adverse events (AEs), particularly renal toxicity, adding to treatment burdens and increasing healthcare costs. Ibandronic acid is a single-nitrogen bisphosphonate with high efficacy against bone events and metastatic bone pain, and a renal safety profile compar- able to that of placebo. In this study, the safety of ibandronic acid was examined over a period of 4 years. ⋯ This 96-week open-label safety extension of a phase III, placebo-controlled trial demonstrates that long-term use of intravenous ibandronic acid is well tolerated.