Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. · Dec 2014
Observational StudyDietary fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in men: the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
The epidemiological evidence of the role of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) is inconsistent. We investigated the associations of dietary fatty acids with the risk of CHD and carotid atherosclerosis in men with high SFA intake and high rates of CHD. ⋯ Our results suggest that SFA intake is not an independent risk factor for CHD, even in a population with higher ranges of SFA intake. In contrast, polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with lower risk of fatal CHD, whether replacing SFA, trans fat, or carbohydrates. Further investigation on the effect of monounsaturated fat on the CHD risk is warranted.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. · Nov 2014
Review Comparative StudyThrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden.
Thrombosis is the common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) documented that ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused 1 in 4 deaths worldwide. GBD 2010 did not report data for VTE as a cause of death and disability. ⋯ VTE causes a major burden of disease across low-, middle-, and high-income countries. More detailed data on the global burden of VTE should be obtained to inform policy and resource allocation in health systems and to evaluate whether improved use of preventive measures will reduce the burden.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. · Nov 2014
Homoarginine and cardiovascular outcome in the population-based Dallas Heart Study.
The nonproteinogenic amino acid homoarginine has been postulated to have antiatherosclerotic effects as a weak substrate of nitric oxide synthase. This investigation in the population-based Dallas Heart Study (DHS) aimed to evaluate the association of homoarginine with clinical and subclinical cardiovascular outcomes. ⋯ Homoarginine is inversely associated with subclinical vascular disease and with risk for cardiovascular disease events. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether the regulation of plasma homoarginine could emerge as a novel therapeutic option to improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. · Oct 2014
Circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product identifies patients with bicuspid aortic valve and associated aortopathies.
A total of 30% to 50% of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) require surgery for aortic valve replacement (AVR), ascending aortic replacement (AA), or both. To prevent adverse aortic events, they are risk stratified using imperfect criteria based on imaging modalities. As a result, a significant number of dissections occur outside of the parameters suggested by the guidelines. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with valve and vascular remodeling and trigger the release of a soluble receptor (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product [sRAGE]). This study aims to characterize sRAGE as a diagnostic and risk-stratification tool for patients with BAV referred for surgery. ⋯ These results show that elevated level of circulating sRAGE is associated with the presence of BAV and associated aortopathies, independent of aortic diameter.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. · Oct 2014
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B regulates angiogenesis through modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 and endothelial adherens junction proteins.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPKB) participates in the activation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G proteins, which are pivotal mediators in angiogenic signaling. The role of NDPKB in angiogenesis has to date not been defined. Therefore, we analyzed the contribution of NDPKB to angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in well-characterized in vivo and in vitro models. ⋯ This is the first report to show that NDPKB is required for VEGF-induced angiogenesis and contributes to the correct localization of VEGF receptor type 2 and VE-cadherin at the endothelial adherens junctions. Therefore, our data identify NDPKB as a novel molecular target to modulate VEGF-dependent angiogenesis.