Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]
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Bothrops venoms cause local edema, pain, hemorrhage and necrosis. In this study, we investigated the ability of Bothrops lanceolatus venom to cause edema in rat hind paws and examined the mediators involved. ⋯ B. lanceolatus venom produced dose- and time-dependent edema in rat paws. This edema was not dependent on low molecular weight substances in the venom, but was partially dependent on a hemorrhagin and also involved the release of arachidonic acid metabolites, bradykinin, histamine and serotonin.
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Comparative Study
Are IL-6, IL-10 and PCT plasma concentrations reliable for outcome prediction in severe sepsis? A comparison with APACHE III and SAPS II.
Prospective examination whether changes in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 or procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations correlate with poor outcome in patients with severe sepsis in comparison with APACHE III or SAPS II. ⋯ The data suggest that non-surviving patients have higher PCT and IL-10 values. Only APACHE III score and PCT plasma levels correlated with a poor outcome. Therefore, routine measurements of plasma PCT concentrations might be helpful to improve the mortality risk prediction in patients with severe sepsis.
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Case Reports Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Early and late histamine release induced by albumin, hetastarch and polygeline: some unexpected findings.
The perioperative use of colloidal plasma substitutes is still under discussion. We therefore conducted a prospective randomised study with three commonly used plasma substitutes to examine their histamine releasing effects in 21 volunteers. MATERIAL OR SUBJETS: 21 male volunteers were enrolled in this prospective, randomised, controlled clinical study. Endpoints were the incidence of early and late histamine release and the time course of the release kinetics. Normovolemic hemodilution technique was used with hydroxyethyl starch (n = 6), human albumin (n = 6) and polygeline (n = 9). Measurement and observation period was 240 min after the start of the plasma substitute infusion. Heart rate, blood pressure, SaO(2), clinical symptoms/signs and plasma histamine were measured during the observation period. ⋯ We demonstrated for the first time histamine releasing effects of hydroxyethyl starch over a long period of time after administration. This perioperatively and for intensive care possibly relevant finding should make clinicians aware of late side effects not yet connected with the clinical use of these colloidal plasma substitutes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of the effects of desloratadine and levocetirizine on histamine-induced wheal, flare and itch in human skin.
A previous study showed the inhibitory effects of loratadine on histamine-induced wheal, flare and itch in human skin to be very variable between individuals. It was hypothesised that this variability may have been due to differences in the rates of metabolism of loratadine to its active form, desloratadine. This double blind, crossover study examined the effects of desloratadine in 12 healthy volunteers. Levocetirizine was used as a comparator. ⋯ A single dose of 5 mg levocetirizine produced more consistent and greater inhibitory effects on histamine-induced wheal, flare and itch than did 5 mg desloratadine. The difference is suggested to reflect the basic pharmacokinetics of the two drugs.