The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences
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J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · Sep 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyBlack-white disparity in disability among U.S. older adults: age, period, and cohort trends.
This study delineates activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) black-white disparity trends by age, period, and cohort (APC) and explores sociodemographic contributors of cohort-based disparity trends. ⋯ We examined the role of aging on racial disparity in disability and found support for the racial crossover effect. Further, the racial disparity in disability will disappear should the observed pattern of declining cohort-based ADL and IADL disparities persist. Although education, income, and marital status are important sociodemographic contributors to cohort disparity trends, future studies should investigate individual behavioral health determinants and cohort-specific characteristics that explain the cohort-based racial difference in ADL and IADL disabilities.
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J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · Jul 2014
Comparative StudyDoes the age-related positivity effect in autobiographical recall reflect differences in appraisal or memory?
Two studies examined the extent to which the age-related positivity effect in autobiographical recall is the result of age differences in appraisal and memory. ⋯ The data suggest that the age-related positivity effect resides in the appraisal rather than the recall of autobiographical events.
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J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · Apr 2014
Value-Expressive Volunteer Motivation and Volunteering by Older Adults: Relationships With Religiosity and Spirituality.
Objectives. This study investigates the interplay among religiosity, spirituality, value-expressive volunteer motivation, and volunteering. ⋯ Method. After applying multiple imputation procedures to data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study among participants 64-67 years old who survived beyond 2004 (N = 8,148), we carried out regression analyses to predict value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering from religiosity and spirituality controlling for demographic variables, physical, emotional, and cognitive health, health risk behaviors, and personality traits.
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J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · Mar 2014
Examining late-life functional limitation trajectories and their associations with underlying onset, recovery, and mortality.
Identify common trajectories of physical functional limitation and mortality among Taiwanese 50 and older as they age, link these to underlying transitions in onset, recovery, and mortality, and assess associations between trajectories and a set of risk factors. ⋯ The analysis advances understanding of late-life functioning by focusing on the heterogeneity of functional limitation experience, appropriately accounting for the relation between functional limitation and mortality and linking long-term patterns with short-term changes in functional limitation.
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J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · Nov 2013
Comparative StudyVolunteer transitions and physical and psychological health among older adults in Taiwan.
This study examines the relationship between transitions in volunteering activity and physical and psychological health outcomes among older adults in Taiwan. ⋯ The results suggest that the positive relationship between volunteering and health may decline when older adults discontinue or withdraw from volunteering. More research is needed to explore the mechanism behind older people's desistance from, persistence in, and resumption of volunteer engagement.