Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
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To evaluate the need for triangulating case-finding tools in patient safety surveillance. This study applied four case-finding tools to error-associated patient safety events to identify and characterise the spectrum of events captured by these tools, using puncture or laceration as an example for in-depth analysis. ⋯ Existing detection tools target patient safety domains differently, and consequently capture different occurrences, necessitating the integration of data from a combination of tools to fully estimate the total burden.
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Injuries are a major source of mortality and morbidity in China with approximately 66 million citizens requiring emergency medical care. Trauma registries provide the basis for quality assurance processes and inform the treatment of the injured patient. Against the backdrop of the recently established Chinese National Injury Surveillance System, the feasibility of establishing a multicentre trauma registry in a limited number of hospitals was examined. ⋯ The findings indicate significant numbers of patients presenting due to injury, though little comparability in the type of information collected both between hospitals and with international trauma registry systems. The development of multicentre trauma registry is suggested as a way to monitor trauma system performance. The integration of clinical indicators into the National Injury Surveillance System in the long term is also recommended.
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To examine relationships between violence, age (0-74 years), and deprivation, and to explore in which communities, age groups, and gender the potential for transmission of violent tendencies between individuals is greatest. ⋯ Analyses identify four lifetime periods for violence: up to 10 years (prepubescent), 11-20 years (adolescence), 21-45 years (younger adults), and over 45 years (older adults). While violence is most common in adolescence, its concentration in poorer areas during prepubescence and in younger adulthood (parenting age) suggests that poorer children are exposed to much more aggressive communities. This is likely to contribute to the disproportionate escalation in violence they experience during adolescence. Effective interventions to prevent such escalations are available and need to be implemented particularly in poor communities.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Preventing bath water scalds: a cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing bath thermostatic mixer valves in social housing.
To assess the cost-effectiveness of installing thermostatic mixer valves (TMVs) in reducing risks of bath water scalds and estimate the costs of avoiding bath water scalds. ⋯ It is very likely that installing TMVs as standard in social housing in new buildings and major refurbishments accompanied by educational information represents value for money.
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Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of serious spinal injury in most developed nations. However, since these injuries are rare, systematic analyses of the crash factors that are predictive of spinal injury have rarely been performed. This study aimed to use a population-reference crash sample to identify crash factors associated with moderate to severe spinal injury, and how these vary with occupant age. ⋯ While the risk of serious spinal injury in motor vehicle crashes is low, these injuries are more common in crashes of higher severity or into fixed objects, and in the presence of intrusion. There are elevated risks of spinal injury for older occupants compared with younger adults, which may reflect changes in biomechanical tolerances with age. Children appear to be at lower risk of serious spinal injury than adults except in frontal crashes.