Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
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Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. · Jul 2018
Comparison of changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin level during a 'modified rock-paper-scissors task' between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia.
The purpose of this study, using single-event-related near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), was to examine the psychophysiological and social function assessment of 30 schizophrenic patients during a modified rock-paper-scissors task. ⋯ From these results, we conclude that Δoxy-Hb levels when performing the modified rock-paper-scissors task assessed using NIRS may be a useful psychophysiological marker to evaluate the cognitive and social functions of schizophrenic patients.
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Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. · Jul 2018
Evaluation of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume as inflammatory markers in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) have recently been used as indicators of a systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations of the NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ⋯ Inflammation might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. The NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV may be potential inflammation markers for ADHD in children.
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Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. · Dec 2017
Association between the scores of the Japanese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and whole-brain structure in patients with chronic schizophrenia: A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study.
The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is a concise tool designed to evaluate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We examined the possible association between BACS scores and whole-brain structure, as observed using magnetic resonance imaging with a relatively large sample. ⋯ Our results suggest that among the BACS-J measures, the working memory and motor speed scores are associated with several structural alterations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia.
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Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. · Feb 2016
ReviewMagnetoencephalography in the study of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that provides a measure of cortical neural activity on a millisecond timescale with high spatial resolution. MEG has been clinically applied to various neurological diseases, including epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction. In the past decade, MEG has also emerged as an important investigatory tool in neurodevelopmental studies. ⋯ In addition, evidence of atypical brain connectivity in children with ASD has accumulated over the past decade. MEG is well suited for the study of neural activity with high time resolution even in young children. Although further studies are still necessary, the detailed findings provided by neuroimaging methods may aid clinical diagnosis and even contribute to the refinement of diagnostic categories for neurodevelopmental disorders in the future.