Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Oct 2016
Comparative StudyReduced-Intensity Conditioning with Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab Is Associated with Improved Outcomes Compared with Fludarabine and Busulfan after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for B Cell Malignancies.
Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) has been used increasingly for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation to minimize transplant-related mortality while maintaining the graft-versus-tumor effect. In B cell lymphoid malignancies, reduced-intensity regimens containing rituximab, an antiCD20 antibody, have been associated with favorable survival; however, the long-term outcomes of rituximab-containing versus nonrituximab-containing regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in B cell lymphoid malignancies remain to be determined. We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients who received an allogeneic transplant for a B cell lymphoid malignancy. ⋯ The 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was lower in patients who received FCR versus FluBu (24.2% versus 51.7%, P = .01). There was no difference in rate of relapse/progression or acute GVHD. Our results demonstrate that the use of RIC with FCR and GVHD prophylaxis with a calcineurin inhibitor and mini-methotrexate is associated with decreased chronic GVHD and improved overall survival.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Sep 2016
Comparative StudyComparison of Intensive Chemotherapy and Hypomethylating Agents before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Study of the Myelodysplastic Syndrome Subcommittee of the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.
The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research data set was used to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of hypomethylating therapy (HMA) compared with those of conventional chemotherapy (CC) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 209 patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndromes. Median follow-up was 22.1 months and the median age of the group was 57.6 years with 37% of the population older than > 60 years. The majority of patients (59%) received reduced-intensity conditioning and 34% and 27% had intermediate-2 and high international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) scores. ⋯ Patients with primary refractory disease had worse outcomes than those in CR with regard to OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 4.13; P = .001), RFS (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.37 to 3.76; P = .001), and NRM (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.18 to 5.26; P = .016). In addition, an adverse effect of IPSS-R cytogenetic risk group was evident for RFS. In summary, outcomes after HSCT are similar for patients receiving HMA compared with those receiving CC, despite the higher proportion of patients with primary refractory disease in the HMA group.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Sep 2016
Comparative StudyComparison of Outcomes after Peripheral Blood Haploidentical versus Matched Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Single-Center Review.
Recent studies comparing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUD) versus HLA-haploidentical donors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have suggested equivalent outcomes. The graft source used in most studies of haploidentical transplants has been bone marrow. ⋯ Multivariate analysis found no difference in outcomes between the 2 groups with the exception of slower count recovery after haploidentical allografts (HR, .48; 95% CI, .32 to .74 for platelets, and HR, .47; 95% CI, .32 to .71 for neutrophils; P < .001 for both comparisons). Our retrospective analysis, although limited by the small sample size, suggests largely similar outcomes with peripheral blood haploidentical versus MUD transplants for AML.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Sep 2016
Impact of Donor and Recipient Cytomegalovirus Serostatus on Outcomes of Antithymocyte Globulin-Conditioned Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Although previous studies involving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) without in vivo T cell depletion by rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) have reported a substantial survival difference between D-R- and D+R- patients, but little to no survival difference between D-R+ and D+R+ patients (D, donor; R, recipient; +, cytomegalovirus [CMV] seropositive; -, CMV seronegative), whether this applies to HCT using ATG is unknown. We studied 928 patients who underwent myeloablative HCT for hematologic malignancies in Alberta between 1999 and 2014 who received graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis using ATG (Thymoglobulin, 4.5 mg/kg) in addition to methotrexate and cyclosporine. D-R- and D+R- patients had similar survival (no significant difference). ⋯ This difference was attributed to higher nonrelapse mortality, apparently due to higher GVHD-associated mortality. Survival rates were also lower for D-R+ HLA-matched sibling transplant recipients compared with D+R+ HLA-matched unrelated donor transplant recipients (44% versus 66% at 5 years; P = .009). In conclusion, when using ATG, choosing a seronegative donor for a seronegative patient is relatively unimportant, whereas choosing a seropositive donor for a seropositive patient is important, even if this requires the use of a seropositive matched unrelated donor graft.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Sep 2016
Infection Rates among Acute Leukemia Patients Receiving Alternative Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Alternative graft sources (umbilical cord blood [UCB], matched unrelated donors [MUD], or mismatched unrelated donors [MMUD]) enable patients without a matched sibling donor to receive potentially curative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Retrospective studies demonstrate comparable outcomes among different graft sources. However, the risk and types of infections have not been compared among graft sources. ⋯ Overall survival (OS) was comparable among UCB and MMUD patients with Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 90% but was inferior for UCB for patients with KPS < 90%. Bacterial and fungal infections were associated with poorer OS. Future strategies focusing on infection prevention and treatment are indicated to improve HCT outcomes.