Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Jul 2009
Lung function, pulmonary complications, and mortality after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation in children.
Pulmonary complications (PC) remain a significant barrier to the success of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). Pretransplant pulmonary function tests (PFTs) have been correlated with risk of early respiratory failure and mortality in adult BMT recipients. There is limited data on their relationship to posttransplant outcomes in pediatric patients. ⋯ Early PC was associated with over 4-fold reduction in probability of survival at 10 years (8/44, 18% with early PC versus 50/66, 76% without early PC). On multivariate analysis, risk of death was significantly associated with high-risk disease status (P = .015; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.5), unrelated donor (P = .03; HR = 2.1), early PC (P = .0001; HR = 7.7) and pathogen identification (P = .02; HR = 2.7). These results suggest that, in children undergoing allo-BMT (1) compromised pretransplant lung function is significantly correlated with risk of early respiratory failure but not of overall survival (OS), (2) reductions in lung volumes and diffusion capacity are common 3- to 6-month posttransplant with partial recovery by 12 to 24 months, (3) there is high mortality following mechanical ventilation, and (4) early PCs are associated with significantly worse OS.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Jun 2009
Successful prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease using low-dose antithymocyte globulin after mismatched, unrelated, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia.
In this study, we investigated the effects of low-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG, thymoglobulin) in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in mismatched, unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (uHSCTs) in patients with the single disease entity of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients (n = 103) with a variable risk for AML who received uHSCTs from available Asian and Caucasian donors were enrolled. First, we compared HLA-matched (group 1, n = 54) and HLA-mismatched (group 2, n = 49) transplantation patients. ⋯ The cumulative incidence of NRM differed markedly between group 3 (16%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4%-28%) and group 4 (44%, 95% CI, 34%-54%) (P = .013). We found no difference in cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation between groups 3 and 4. These results suggest that in mismatched uHSCT, a low dose of ATG (total 2.5 mg/kg) may prevent moderate to severe aGVHD, with comparable rates of relapse and CMV reactivation and a greatly decreased rate of NRM.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Jun 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyEarly (day -7) versus conventional (day -1) inception of cyclosporine-A for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Long-term results of an AIEOP prospective, randomized study.
We carried out a randomized, multicenter study comparing the inception of cyclosporine- A (CsA) on day -7 to conventional CsA (on day -1) to evaluate the influence of this modification on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), treatment-related mortality (TRM), relapse rate (RR), and event-free survival (EFS) in children with hematologic malignancies given unrelated donor (UD) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Between 1997 and 2002, 152 children transplanted for acute leukemia (102), myelodysplastic syndromes (23), chronic myelogenous leukemia (20), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7) were enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either early CsA (group 1, N = 72) or conventional CsA (group 2, N = 80), after stratification according to HLA compatibility and disease phase. The cumulative incidence of both grade II-IV and grade II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD), as well as of chronic GVHD (cGVHD), did not differ between the 2 groups. ⋯ The 8-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of EFS were 56% in group 1, and 46% in group 2 (P = NS). In the Cox model, advanced disease phase, male recipient, older donor, and occurrence of grade III-IV aGVHD predicted inferior overall EFS. These data indicate that early inception of CsA does not improve posttransplantation outcome of children with hematologic malignancies given UD-HSCT.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Jun 2009
Regimen-related mucosal injury of the gut increased the incidence of CMV disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is 1 of the major causes of morbidity in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The incidences of CMV antigenemia and CMV disease in 43 patients who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen, which mainly consisted of fludarabine (Flu), busulfan (Bu), and total body irradiation (TBI), were compared with those in 68 patients who received a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen, and risk factors for CMV antigenemia and CMV disease were identified. Before engraftment, grade 3-4 mucosal injury because of the conditioning regimen was significantly decreased in RIC patients (stomatitis: P = .02; diarrhea: P < .01). ⋯ Grade II-IV aGVHD (P = .02) and grade 3-4 diarrhea before engraftment (P = .04) were revealed to be risk factors for CMV disease. The present study is the first study to show that severe diarrhea before engraftment is a significant risk factor for CMV disease. In summary, risk of CMV disease was significantly decreased in patients without severe mucosal injury of the gut because of the conditioning regimen before engraftment.
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Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. · Jun 2009
Comparative Study Clinical TrialIncidence, risk factors, and outcome of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in patients receiving prophylaxis with oral valganciclovir or intravenous ganciclovir after umbilical cord blood transplantation.
There is no information on the efficacy and safety of anticytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir or oral valganciclovir after unrelated cord-blood transplantation (UCBT). This issue was addressed in 151 adults (117 CMV-seropositive) undergoing UCBT at a single institution. The first 38 CMV-seropositive recipients were assigned to receive prophylactic ganciclovir, and the next 79 were given valganciclovir after engraftment. ⋯ The CI of CMV infection and disease in 34 CMV-seronegative recipients was 12% and 6%, indicating that tight CMV monitoring is mandatory in this subset. The recipient's CMV serostatus, acute and extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD) were the main risk factors for CMV infection, and aGVHD for CMV disease. This study suggests that prophylaxis with oral valganciclovir is as safe and effective as intravenous ganciclovir for preventing CMV infection and disease after UCBT, but valganciclovir reduces the use of hospital resources.