Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
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The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) is useful for measuring fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with low back pain (LBP); however, no psychometrically validated Japanese version is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the FABQ for use with Japanese workers with LBP. ⋯ This analysis showed that the Japanese version of the FABQ is psychometrically reliable and valid to detect fear-avoidance beliefs in Japanese workers with LBP.
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Understanding the causative factors of fracture nonunion leads to both prevention and improvements in treatment. The purpose of this study was to understand the clinical characteristics and causative factors of nonunion in a case series. ⋯ Our results demonstrated that there were a considerable number of nonunions with causative factors which can be improved, such as inadequate fracture management.