Annals of surgery
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Although liver disease is a major complication of parenteral nutrition (PN) for intestinal failure (IF), its pathogenesis remains unclear. We investigated potential molecular mechanisms of liver injury in pediatric onset IF. ⋯ In pediatric onset IF, current PN delivery synergistically with intestinal compromise promote liver inflammation, which associates with progression of biochemical and histologic liver injury, while reducing expression of canalicular bile transporters.
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The present study asks whether intraoperative principles are shared among faculty in a single residency program and explores how surgeons' individual thresholds between principles and preferences might influence assessment. ⋯ The findings of the present study provide the first empirical evidence to suggest that surgeons' attitudes toward their own procedural variations may be an important influence on the subjectivity of intraoperative assessment in surgical education. Assessment based on intraoperative entrustment may harness such subjectivity for the purpose of implementing competency-based surgical education.
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Comment Letter
Sweet Versus Ivor-Lewis: Is It Time To Draw a Conclusion?