Annals of surgery
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To describe a novel, outcome-based method of standard setting that differentiates between clinical outcomes rather than arbitrary educational goals. ⋯ This novel methodology is context, patient, and assessment-specific. Current standard setting methods do not account for the heterogeneity of the clinical environment. Workplace-based assessments in competency-based medical education require standards that are credible to the educator and the trainee. High-stakes assessments must ensure that surgeons have been evaluated to a standard that prioritizes satisfactory patient outcomes and safety.
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Comment Letter
Response to: Managing the High-risk Pancreatic Anastomosis.