Annals of surgery
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To evaluate the association of historical racist housing policies and modern-day healthcare outcomes. ⋯ Patients residing in neighborhoods previously "redlined" or labeled "Hazardous" were more likely to experience worse outcomes after inpatient hospitalization compared to those living in "Best" neighborhoods, even after taking into account modern day measures of neighborhood disadvantage.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preadmission statin use and 90-day mortality after planned elective noncardiac surgery in adult patients. ⋯ Preoperative statin use was associated with lower 90-day mortality and longer overall survival for adult patients who underwent elective noncardiac surgery. This association was more evident for high-intensity statin users.
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Historical Article
Innovation and Tribulation in the History of Randomized Controlled Trials in Surgery.
Despite persistent critiques of the rigor of surgical research, surgeons have actually pursued careful empirical studies for centuries. Their work has enriched not only surgical science but also the development of evidencebased medicine. From conducting landmark controlled trials, to using statistics, alternate patient allocation, randomization, and sham controls, surgeons have long embraced innovative trial approaches and played important roles in the development of key methods of RCTs. ⋯ Surgical trialists also have encountered specific, recurring challenges, especially with the methodological and ethical complexity of blinded and sham-controlled trials. The history of surgical trials thus reveals major contributions from surgeons to the advancement of evidence-based medicine, as well as ongoing challenges. Strengthened and systematic trial support could advance the future of surgical RCTs.