Annals of surgery
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To update and add to the first report commissioned by the Blue Ribbon Committee about 20 years prior. ⋯ The last two decades have shown significant changes and shifts in medical education and surgical practice. The findings of BRC-II in this manuscript help to structure the current and future necessary improvements, focusing on different aspects of medical student education.
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The ISGPS aims to develop a universally accepted complexity and experience grading system to guide the safe implementation of robotic and laparoscopic minimally-invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD). ⋯ This ISGPS complexity and experience grading system for robotic and laparoscopic MIPD may enable surgeons to optimally select patients after duly considering specific risk factors known to influence the complexity of the procedure. This grading system will likely allow for a thoughtful and stepwise implementation of MIPD and facilitate a fair comparison of outcome between centers and countries.
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To review the current state of research training during surgical residency and make recommendations commensurate with current surgical training and academic environment. ⋯ We recommend incorporating a minimum standard for all trainees and flexibility in dedicated scholarly training to meet the needs of future academic surgeons.