Annals of surgery
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The objective of this study is to explore the patient characteristics and practice patterns of non-certified surgeons who treat Medicare patients in the United States. ⋯ For Medicare patients, non-certified surgeons treated more patients who are non-White, of lower socioeconomic status, and in more rural, critical-access hospitals.
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To determine the association between PPOU and the long-term risk of OUD and opioid overdose. ⋯ Surgical patients who develop PPOU are at increased risk of both OUD and overdose as compared to surgical patients who do not develop persistent use.