Annals of surgery
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To test the hypothesis that administration of ghrelin attenuates inflammatory responses in sepsis through vagal nerve stimulation. ⋯ Ghrelin down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis through activation of the vagus nerve. Pharmacologic stimulation of the vagus nerve may offer a novel approach of anti-sepsis therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function are improved in children with burn injury during a randomized controlled trial of fenofibrate.
To determine some of the mechanisms involved in insulin resistance immediately following burn trauma, and to determine the efficacy of PPAR-alpha agonism for alleviating insulin resistance in this population. ⋯ Fenofibrate treatment started within 1 week postburn and continued for 2 weeks significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations by improving insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, and mitochondrial glucose oxidation. Fenofibrate may be a potential new therapeutic option for treating insulin resistance following severe burn injury.
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Anastomotic leaks are among the most dreaded complications after colorectal surgery. However, problems with definitions and the retrospective nature of previous analyses have been major limitations. We sought to use a prospective database to define the true incidence and presentation of anastomotic leakage after intestinal anastomosis. ⋯ Anastomotic leaks are frequently diagnosed late in the postoperative period and often after initial hospital discharge, highlighting the importance of prospective data entry and adequate follow-up. CT scan is the preferred diagnostic modality when imaging is required. More than half of leaks can be managed without fecal diversion.
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To determine outcomes for both donors and recipients of adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (AALDLT) and independent factors impacting those outcomes. ⋯ Graft type and degree of experience exerted a significant impact on the surgical outcomes of AALDLT donors but did not significantly affect the survival outcomes of AALDLT recipients. Better pretransplant conditions and younger age (<50 years) among the living donors appeared to be advantageous in terms of gaining better survival outcomes of patients undergoing AALDLT.
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We sought to develop a therapeutic agent that would permit prolongation of survival in rats subjected to lethal hemorrhagic shock (HS), even in the absence of resuscitation with asanguinous fluids or blood. ⋯ These data support the view that mitochondrially targeted electron acceptors and SOD mimics are potentially valuable therapeutics for the treatment of serious acute conditions, such as HS, which are associated with marked tissue ischemia.