Annals of surgery
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To evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the CDKN2A gene encoding p16 and p14 in familial pancreatic cancer (FPC). ⋯ CDKN2A germline mutations are rare in FPC families. However, these data provide further evidence for a pancreatic cancer-melanoma syndrome associated with CDKN2A germline mutations affecting p16. Thus, all members of families with combined occurrence of pancreatic cancer and melanoma should be counseled and offered screening for p16 mutations to identify high-risk family members who should be enrolled in a clinical screening program.
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Comparative Study
Fundamental and distinct roles of P-selectin and LFA-1 in ischemia/reperfusion-induced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the mouse colon.
To study the adhesive mechanisms underlying ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the colon. ⋯ This study provides evidence that leukocyte rolling is exclusively and nonredundantly mediated by P-selectin and that firm adhesion is supported by LFA-1 in I/R-induced leukocyte recruitment in the colon. Taken together, both P-selectin and LFA-1 may be important targets to control pathologic inflammation in I/R-induced tissue injury in the colon.
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To determine preoperative risk factors predictive of adverse outcomes after gastric bypass surgery. ⋯ Large male patients are at greater risk for severe life-threatening complications than smaller and/or female patients. Risk factors thought to be predictive of adverse outcomes, such as a history of smoking or diabetes, proved not to be significant in this analysis. Older patients had the same complication rate but a threefold higher mortality, suggesting that they lack the reserve to recover from complications when they occur.
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To determine whether the combined administration of adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin binding protein-1 (AM/AMBP-1) has any modulatory effects on the cardiovascular response during the progression of sepsis. ⋯ Since AM/AMBP-1 delays or even prevents the transition from the hyperdynamic phase to the hypodynamic phase of sepsis, attenuates tissue injury, and decreases sepsis-induced morality, these agents should provide a novel approach for maintaining cardiovascular stability and preventing cell and organ damage during the progression of polymicrobial sepsis.
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To review the effect of morbid obesity surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to analyze data that might explain the mechanisms of action of these surgeries and that could answer the question of whether surgery for morbid obesity can represent a cure for type 2 diabetes in nonobese patients as well. ⋯ Gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion seem to achieve control of diabetes as a primary and independent effect, not secondary to the treatment of overweight. Although controlled trials are needed to verify the effectiveness on nonobese individuals, gastric bypass surgery has the potential to change the current concepts of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and, possibly, the management of this disease.