Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Apr 2011
Predictive values of clinical parameters for severe Japanese spotted fever.
Japanese spotted fever (JSF) is severe and can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a poor prognosis. We considered whether patient factors are related to serious complications. Between August 1999 and March 2009, all patients with JSF and retrievable clinical data (age, gender, length of hospital stay, medication, comorbidities), vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature), and laboratory test results [blood cell count, liver function, renal function, electrolytes, blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), CRP normalization period, and aspartate aminotransferase normalization period] from the Integrated Intelligent Management System (IIMS) database, were retrospectively analyzed by logistic regression. ⋯ We found renal dysfunction [serum creatinine (Cr) ≥ 1.5 mg/dl] at the time of initial presentation to be predictive of DIC. Cr was also predictive of a prolonged disease course. In patients with JSF, renal function must be carefully monitored when determining clinical management.
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Feb 2011
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialClinical effects of 2 days of treatment by fosfomycin calcium for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women.
Fosfomycin calcium is a fosfomycin antimicrobial agent with a characteristic structure. After oral administration, the drug is absorbed and excreted via the kidneys in the unchanged form, without being metabolized in the body. It is, therefore, indicated for the treatment of urinary tract diseases, including cystitis and pyelonephritis. ⋯ When the patients were divided by age into an under 60 years of age group and an over 60 years of age group, the microbiological and clinical outcomes determined for evaluation of cure at visit 2 were 96.4 and 92.9%, respectively, and the corresponding rates determined for the evaluation of recurrence at visit 3 were 87.0 and 96.0%, respectively, in the under 60 years of age group. In the over 60 years of age group, the corresponding microbiological outcome and clinical outcome rates evaluated for cure were 90.9 and 100%, respectively, and those evaluated for recurrence were 50.0 and 60.0%, respectively. These results indicate the usefulness of fosfomycin calcium administered at 1 g three times daily for 2 days for acute uncomplicated cystitis.
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Feb 2011
Development of interpretive criteria for tebipenem disk diffusion susceptibility testing with Staphylococcus spp. and Haemophilus influenzae.
Disk diffusion susceptibility interpretive criteria for tebipenem against Staphylococcus spp. and Haemophilus influenzae were developed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Tebipenem was tested by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods against 119 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and 102 clinical isolates of H. influenzae. The zone diameters of 5-, 10-, and 30-μg disks were compared with broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results by scattergram and regression analysis. ⋯ We also proposed the breakpoint zone diameter of H. influenzae: ≧22 mm (MIC ≦1 μg/ml) for susceptible. These criteria demonstrated that the categorical agreements between disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods for Staphylococcus spp. and H. influenzae were 95.0% and 99.0%, respectively. The discrepancy rates of these criteria were acceptable to the CLSI guidelines.
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Jun 2010
Determination of teicoplanin trough concentration target and appropriate total dose during the first 3 days: a retrospective study in patients with MRSA infections.
An initial loading procedure has been recommended to enable teicoplanin to promptly reach an effective serum concentration for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of teicoplanin to determine the therapeutic target for the teicoplanin trough concentration and an appropriate dosing method during the first 3 days. ⋯ The rates of achieving >or=13 mg/L in
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Feb 2010
Administration of neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of Japanese patients infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1).
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States recommend the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for treating the novel influenza A (H1N1) in patients requiring desirable antiviral agents. However, the efficacy and side effects of neuraminidase inhibitors in Japanese patients infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1) are not well known. ⋯ We treated seven Japanese patients (five adults and two juveniles) infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1) with oseltamivir and zanamivir, and good clinical courses were obtained. Our study indicates that oseltamivir and zanamivir may indeed be useful in Japanese patients infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1) in cases where antiviral therapy is required.