Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
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Case Reports
Differentiating subscapular tendon and glenohumeral joint on anterior shoulder sonography.
Anterior sonography of the glenohumeral joint has been suggested as a useful method of assessing inflammatory joint disease. The proximity of the subscapular tendon (SSC) to the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) in the shoulder might require differentiating between these two structures. ⋯ Differentiating SSC and GHJ on anterior shoulder sonography with above mentioned sonographic features misinterpretation of US data might be minimized.
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The ideal endpoint of resuscitation after severe hemorrhage should indicate not only that optimal oxygen delivery has been achieved, but also that oxygen utilization has been restored. A modified Foley catheter for simultaneous assessment of microcirculatory blood flow (TBF) and mitochondrial NADH in the urethral wall was used in the female swine. We hypothesized that changes in mitochondrial NADH and TBF are associated with impaired energy metabolism in the urethra and that these changes correlate with impaired tissue perfusion in the bladder during shock and resuscitation. ⋯ Changes in TBF and NADH in the urethral mucosa represent novel markers for the energetic state of the tissue. They could be measured in vivo by a minimally invasive approach and thus could provide important information on the end-points of resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock.
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In spontaneously breathing patients, the differences between arterial PaCO2 and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) and the influence of bronchial obstruction have not clearly established. ⋯ Capnographic results at Vt are accurate predictors of true PaCO2 only in patients without bronchial obstruction. The maneuvers of slow maximal expiration overestimate PaCO2 in all groups. The best concordance was obtained comparing PaCO2 with mean EtCO2.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in previous studies. However, it remains unclear whether OSA relates to cardiovascular outcomes independently of obesity and/or insulin resistance. ⋯ These findings suggest that severe OSA is related to higher cardiovascular risk independently of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Resistance to EPO therapy in hemodialysis (HD) patients is ascribed to inflammation and iron deficiency. Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, is a key regulator of iron metabolism and synthesis of hepcidin is regulated by iron status and inflammation. The role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of EPO-resistant anemia was assessed through measurement of serum pro-hepcidin in HD patients. ⋯ In EPO resistant anemia, multiple factors, including iron and inflammation related conditions, are likely to affect the level of hepcidin and this may explain the lack of elevated serum hepcidin in this condition.