Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons
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Functional ankle instability affects 20-40% of individuals who have already suffered from a sprain. Such dysfunctions are difficult to diagnose. Therefore, the information provided by self-administered questionnaires is essential. Thus, the Ankle Instability Instrument (AII) was developed and initially validated in English. Our goal is to create a French version of the instrument, named AII-F, by scrupulously respecting the cultural adaptation phases and to make sure the new instrument has good psychometric properties. ⋯ The AII-F is reliable and valid for evaluating and measuring functional ankle instability.
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The first descriptions on medial talar tubercle fractures are attributed to Cedell. He described avulsion fractures of the insertion of the posterior talotibial ligament. However the true etiology has not been established. Since little is known about these fractures, they are easily misdiagnosed as simple ankle sprains. Untreated, these fractures may lead to chronic ankle pain. To improve the understanding of the etiology and outcome of these fractures a systematic review was conducted of all cases of isolated fractures of the medial tubercle of the posterior talar process. In addition we present the first series of competitive athletes treated by means of the two-portal hindfoot approach for isolated medial talar tubercle fractures. ⋯ Fractures of the medial tubercle are rare and based on the available literature there is not one distinct trauma mechanism. Based on literature no recommendation for treatment can be made. Our results show endoscopic excision of the fragment as a save alternative for open surgical treatment.
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In the general population, the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) often has tendinous slips to lesser toes and the number of FHL slips varies between individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of FHL tendinous slips in an individual foot and its toe flexor strength. ⋯ Toe flexor strength was affected by FHL tendinous slips. Considering the number of the FHL tendinous slips an individual foot has may be useful in clinical practice for rehabilitation or training of toe flexor muscles.
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Approximately 20% of patients with ankle fractures demonstrate evidence of syndesmotic injuries. As intra-operative measurements have high specifity but low sensitivity for identifying injuries to the distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis, numerous measurements have been developed to assess pre-operative syndesmosis integrity. Several factors affecting measurements on conventional radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images have been identified. The influence of the rotational position of the hindfoot during imaging, however, remains unclear. ⋯ DRRs and axial CT images require reliable reconstructions to allow accurate assessment of the TFCS, TFO, and MCS.
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The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle often has a tendinous slip with a variable number of branches. We aimed at developing the FHL branch test to determine the number of FHL branches. ⋯ The FHL branch test could be used to evaluate the number of FHL branches.